[4] Spanish _viñas_; here used metaphorically, since the natives then obtained their wine from the palm-tree, and from rice, etc. See _Vol_. III, p. 202; iv, p. 67; and V, p. 169. Cf. U.S. Philippine Commission's _Report_ (1900), iii, pp. 264-266. [5] The allusion to this document which appears in section 8 of Dasmariñas's letter to the king of June 20, 1591, which immediately follows this, shows that it was prepared by his order, to accompany the letter. [6] Spanish _puente_, in Retana's text; apparently an error for some other word referring to the priest at Tabuco. [7] Evidently referring to the petition which appears in _Vol_. VII, p. 301. [8] The university of Salamanca was founded in the twelfth or thirteenth century. The city of Salamanca, although it contains beautiful churches, owes its fame chiefly to the university. The studies were divided into the greater schools, or university proper, and the lesser schools, or colleges. In 1569 it had the following chairs: canonical law, ten; theology, seven; medicine, seven; logic and philosophy, eleven; astronomy, one; music, one; Hebrew and Chaldean, two; Greek, four; rhetoric and grammar, seventeen. It was among the very first universities to teach the sciences. The university of Alcalá was founded by Cardinal Cisneros, July 26, 1508, under the name of Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso. It was removed to Madrid in 1836. The building occupied by the university combined in itself several forms of architecture, not adhering to any one. [9] _Regimiento_: the body of regidors, who never exceeded twelve, forming a part of the municipal council, or _ayuntamiento_, in every capital of a jurisdiction. See Bouvier's _Law Dictionary_ (Rawle's rev. ed., Boston, 1897), p. 860. [10] The quotation from St. Augustine is cited in Gratian's "Decretum," in _Corpus juris canonici_; it reads thus, in English: "The natural order, fitted to promote peace among mortals, demands that the power to wage war, and the direction of it, rest in the sovereign." The other citation is from St. Thomas Aquinas's _Summa theologica_, part ii, div. ii, qu. 40, art. i.--_Joseph Fitzgerald_. [11] "One may repel force with force." [12] "Just wars are defined to be those which avenge wrongs; if a nation or a state is to be punished either for neglect to punish the evil deeds of their people, or to make restitution of what has been taken wrongfully." [13] "He concedes all who refuses what is just." [14] This reference is to St. Augustine's "Questions on (the book of) Numbers." The citation _Ut legitimum_ is to a chapter in Gratian's _Decretum_, of which these are the opening words.--_Joseph Fitzgerald_. [15] "It is to be observed in what manner just wars were waged by the children of Israel against the Amorites; for inoffensive transit was denied to them, although by the most equitable laws of human fellowship it should be open."