_Jose Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y Gonzalez_--Senator of the kingdom; becomes governor, February 2, 1861; politico-military governments installed in Bisayas and Mindanao, April 1, 1861; Jesuits given Mindanao as mission field, and opposed by Recollects; operations against Moros; delivers command to segundo cabo, July 7, 1862; term as governor, February 2, 1861-July 7, 1862. _Salvador Valdes_--Segundo cabo; becomes governor (_ad interim_), July 7, 1862; term as governor, July 7-9, 1862. _Rafael de Echague y Berminghan_--Native of San Sebastian, lieutenant-general, and governor at Puerto Rico; arrives at Manila, July 9, 1862; various insurrections, 1863; earthquake, June 3, 1863; creation of ministry of colonies, 1863; normal school established, January 23, 1865; term marked by various calamities; term as governor, July 9, 1862-March 24, 1865. _Joaquin del Solar e Ibanez_--Segundo cabo of the Philippines; becomes governor (_ad interim_), March 24, 1865; reforms in various branches of government, 1865; term as governor, March 24, 1865-April 25, 1865. _Juan de Lara e Irigoyen_--Native of Navarra, lieutenant-general, and ex-minister of war; assumes office, April 25, 1865; Antonio Canovas del Castillo appointed minister of the colonies, July 3, 1865; erection of bishopric of Jaro, by bull of Pius IX, 1865; establishment of Jesuit institution Ateneo Municipal at Manila, 1865; recalled for corruption of government; term as governor, April 25, 1865-July 13, 1866. _Jose Laureano de Sanz y Posse_--Mariscal-de-campo, and segundo cabo elect because of former incumbent of that office having left islands with Lara; term as governor (_ad interim_), July 13-September 21, 1866. _Antonio Osorio_--Naval officer; becomes governor (_ad interim_), September 21, 1866; term as governor, September 21-September 27, 1866. _Joaquin del Solar_--Becomes governor (_ad interim_), for the second time, September 27, 1866; term as governor, September 27-October 26, 1866. _Jose de la Gandara y Navarro_--Lieutenant-general; becomes governor, October 26, 1866; uniform monetary system adopted; reforms primary education, 1867-1868; resigns office; term as governor, October 26, 1866-June 7, 1869. _Manuel Maldonado_--Segundo cabo of islands; becomes governor (_ad interim_), June 7, 1869; term as governor, June 7-June 23, 1869. _Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada_--Native of Cuenca, and lieutenant-general; becomes governor, June 23, 1869; constitution of 1869 sworn to, September 21, 1869; projects monument to Anda y Salazar; question of removing the monopoly on tobacco; _guardia civil_ created; radical in government; term as governor, June 23, 1869-April 4, 1871. _Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutierrez_--Native of Santander, and lieutenant-general; becomes governor, April 4, 1871; insurrections in Cavite and Zamboanga, 1872; reforms in army; opening of steamship line and telegraph lines; governor resigns because of ill-health; term as governor, April 4, 1871-January 8, 1873.