_Manuel Mac-Crohon_--Naval officer, becomes governor (_ad interim_), as office of segundo cabo vacant, January 8, 1873; term as governor, January 8-24 (?), 1873. _Juan Alaminos y de Vivar_--Becomes governor, January 24 (?), 1873; conflict with archbishop and other ecclesiastics; steamship line established between Manila and Spain; various ports opened for commerce; term as governor, January 24 (?), 1873-March 17, 1874. _Manuel Blanco Valderrama_--Becomes governor (_ad interim_), March 17, 1874; repulse of Joloans; hands over government to regularly appointed governor, June 18, 1874. _Jose Malcampo y Monje_--Marques de San Rafael and rear-admiral; becomes governor, June 18, 1874; conquest of Jolo, 1876; given title of count of Mindanao, December 19, 1876; mutiny of artillerymen; term as governor, June 18, 1874-February 28, 1877; given titles of count of Jolo and viscount of Mindanao, July 20, 1877. _Domingo Moriones y Murillo_--Marquis of Oroquieta, and lieutenant-general; becomes governor, February 28, 1877; takes drastic measures against mutinous artillery regiment, 1877; prevents sale of tobacco monopoly, 1877; constructs Manila water-works, 1878; term as governor, February 28, 1877-March 18 or 20, 1880. _Rafael Rodriguez Arias_--Naval officer; becomes governor (_ad interim_), March 18 or 20, 1880; term as governor, March 18-April 15, 1880. _Fernando Primo de Rivera_--Marquis of Estella; becomes governor, April 15, 1880; cable opened between Luzon and Spain, 1880; royal decree orders repeal of tobacco monopoly, 1881; term marked by corruption in public offices; term as governor, April 15, 1880-March 10, 1883. _Emilio Molins_--Segundo cabo of Philippines; governor (_ad interim_), March to April 7, 1883. _Joaquin Jovellar_--General; becomes governor, April 7, 1883; decrease of annual period of personal services from forty to fifteen days, and creation of provincial tax, 1883; plan for railroads in Luzon approved, 1883; visits southern islands, 1884; tribute abolished and tax of _cedula personal_ substituted, 1884; Jesuit observatory at Manila declared official, 1884; term as governor, April 7, 1883-April 1, 1885. _Emilio Molins_--Becomes governor (_ad interim_), for second time, and rules three days, April 1-4, 1885. _Emilio Terrero y Perinat_--Lieutenant-general; becomes governor, April 4, 1885; leads expedition in person against Moros, 1885; dispute between Spain and Germany as to ownership of Carolinas, 1885; term as governor, April 4, 1885-1888. _Antonio Molto_--Segundo cabo, term as governor (_ad interim_), 1888. _Federico Lobaton_--Naval officer; term as governor (_ad interim_), only one day in 1888. March 1, 1888, a petition signed by eight hundred and ten natives and mestizos demands immediate expulsion of the friars of the religious orders and of the archbishop, the secularization of benefices, and the confiscation of the estates of Augustinians and Dominicans.