[44] This is the flying lemur (_Galeopithecus philippinensis_; called _káguang_ or _caguán_ by the Visayans), an animal belonging to the Quadrumana, and the Prosimidæ (semi-apes). Alfred R. Wallace found it in Sumatra, Borneo, and Singapore; see his description of it in _Malay Archipelago_ (New York, 1869), pp. 145, 146. Jagor found it in Sámar--_Travels in the Philippines_ (English translation, London, 1875), pp. 242-244. See also Delgado's description (_Historia_, p. 845). This lemur has, like the flying squirrel, a volucral membrane, which not only covers all its limbs but reaches to its tail; and thus the creature glides from tree to tree. This explains the writer's allusion to it as a bird. [45] The creature thus described is the tarsier (_Tarsius spectrum_), belonging to the same class (semi-apes) as the lemur, _ante._ Jagor (_ut supra_, p. 252) was told in Luzón that it could be found only in Samar, and that it lived exclusively on charcoal--of course, an erroneous notion. In Samar it was called _mago_ or _macauco._ The _Report_ of U.S. Philippine Commission for 1900 (iii, p. 311) mentions several Islands as its habitat, and the belief of the natives that it lives on charcoal. Delgado cites the same notion (_Historia_, p. 875); he supposes the tarsier to be a sort of wild cat. [46] The gecko (_Gecko verticillatus_), a reptile allied to the lizard. Two species of this animal in the Philippines frequent the houses: one very small, which feeds on mosquitoes, flies, and other pests, and works noiselessly; the other larger (up to eight inches long) with a heavy body and a loud call. The latter is, to judge from Delgado's description (_Historia_,p. 885) the one mentioned in our text. [47] The cuttlefish, or octopus (_Sepia octopus_). [48] This was in 1609, and the fort erected was that of Tandag; it was on a bay on the northeast coast of Surígao province, Mindanao. [49] Apparently the same as the present Gigáquit, a town an the northeast coast of the province of Surígao. [50] Juan de la Madre de Dios assumed the habit of the discalced Augustinians at Valladolid, making his profession in 1615. With eight other missionaries, he arrived at Manila in 1620; and some two years later he entered the Mindanao mission. His ministry there was short; for toward the end of 1623 he was slain by a fierce Moro chief whom he had rebuked for his acts of injustice and tyranny. See sketches of his life, in Luis de Jesús's _Historia_, pp. 53-55; and _Provincia de S. Nicolas de Tolentino_, pp. 308, 309. [51] Apparently referring to the missions founded by the Jesuits, some years before, in northern Mindanao; see _Vol_. XIII, pp. 48, 80. Fuller accounts of these missions are given in Combés's _Historia de Mindanao_, which will be presented in later volumes of this series. [52] Situated in central Surigao, on a chain of lakes and rivers from which issues the Butúan River, flowing northward into the bay of same name.