[85] Blumentritt in his _List of Native Tribes of the Philippines_ (Mason's translation, Washington, 1901), says of the people of this name: "In a chart of the Philippines for 1744, by P. Murillo Velarde, S. J., this name is to be seen west of Caraga and Bislig (Mindanao). English authors speak of the Tagaboloyes, Waitz mentions their clear color, and Mas calls them Igorrotes. Others add that they were Mestizos of Indians, and more fables to the same effect. Their region has been well explored, but only Manabos and Mandayas have been found there. The last named are clear colored, so Tagaboloyes seems to be another name for Mandayas. The name sounds temptingly like Tagabalies." [86] This was Balthasar Carlos, born in 1630; he died in 1646. He was betrothed to Mariana of Austria, but his father, Felipe IV, married her in 1649. [87] In 1552 Felipe II ordered a royal monopoly on playing-cards to be established throughout his western dominions. All cards were to be stamped with the royal arms. The manufacture and sale of them was sold in 1578 to Hernando de Caseres, who paid a royalty of one real for each pack. The value of the privilege gradually increased as well as the price of cards paid by the public. (Bancroft's _History of Mexico_, iii, pp. 663, 664.) This monopoly was established in the Philippines in 1591, by Gomez Perez Dasmarinas; see _Vol. VIII_, pp. 169, 271; and _IX_, p. 62. [88] Apparently a reference to the capture of the Japanese junk by Spaniards, frequently referred to in previous documents. [89] The Oriental commerce of Denmark began with the despatch of an expedition in 1618 to open trade with Ceylon. Being unfavorably received there, the Danes went to the Coromandel coast of India, and founded a trading-post at Tranquebar, one hundred and forty miles southwest of Madras, defended by the fortress of Dansbourg. For some time this post and its trade had considerable prosperity, but European wars prevented its fitting support and the commercial company was unable to maintain it. In 1670 a new company resumed this enterprise, but was even more unfortunate than the other, and finally expired in 1730. Two years later a third company was formed, which was liberally endowed with privileges and subsidies, and was highly successful. Tranquebar remained in possession of Denmark until 1846, when it was purchased by England. See account of this colony and the Danish trade in the East, in _Establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones Europeas_, by Malo de Luque (Madrid, 1784-90), iv, pp. 9-31. See map of "District of Tranquebar," in Bellin's _Atlas maritime_, iii, fol. 36. [90] This was Father Jeronimo Medrano; he was again elected to the dignity of provincial in 1641 and in 1650.