The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume 30 of 55, 1640: Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century — John Shaqi
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume 30 of 55, 1640: Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth centuryAduarte, Diego
History
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume 30 of 55, 1640: Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century
Aduarte, Diego
Demarcation line of Alexander VI; Missions -- Philippines; Philippines -- Discovery and exploration; Philippines -- History -- Sources
Again: because the principal argument which gave cause for the
suspension of this permission was the representation of glaring
infractions of law therein. Sufficient refutations to these were
made in the said memorial, from no. 94 to 117; but as there they are
mingled with those in the commerce of the islands, answer is [here]
made to the former more than to the latter (although the one depends
on the other). The exaggerated statement is made that the ship which
goes every year from Perù to Acapulco carries, instead of the 200,000
ducados of the permission, three millions--an enlargement which is an
act of audacity deserving punishment rather than complaisance. [This is
preposterous:] first, because even in transgressions of this character
there is usually some moderation; and never before has it been seen,
heard, or supposed that where two [pesos' worth] were permitted the
amount concealed would reach thirty. Second, this ship which went to
Acapulco was one of 200 toneladas. The galleons on the India route,
which go only to carry silver, and are of 600 to 800 toneladas,
do not carry more than one million each year; and the capitana and
the almiranta, which are larger, carry a little more. Therefore,
if a galleon of 800 toneladas does not carry a million and a half,
how could a ship of 200 toneladas carry three millions? Third, it may
be asked why all that money went to Nueva España. Reply will be made,
"with the royal decree for the permission," and with the argument
(which is very evident) that the money went thither for investment
in merchandise, and not to be left there, or to come by that route
to España; for the one would be folly for its owners, and the other
a blunder, since it would involve greater costs and risks. Then if
(as is evident) the money must return invested, and in the same ship,
or in another of equal burden, who ever said or imagined that that
ship, with a burden of 200 toneladas, can carry the investments of
three millions? If this sum be in silver, it is impossible to do so,
as is proved; but the same is true if it be in merchandise. The ships
which come from Eastern India to Lisboa are of 1,500 toneladas, and
some of 2,000; and whatever goes beyond a million in the entire lading
is very profitable, and is largely composed of diamonds, rubies, civet,
and musk, commodities which are not bulky. Then how could a ship of
200 toneladas carry a cargo of taffetas, velvets, silk in skeins,
coverlets, beds, tents, cabinets, and other like articles, to the
extent of three millions of investment, which in Perù would be four
or five millions? Fourth, because it cannot be said that the ship,
since it does not carry three millions of silver, will carry two
millions, or one--which also is a great transgression of the limit
set. It is proved by experience that neither three nor two millions,
nor one, nor [even] half a million can be invested in [the cargo
of] a ship of 200 toneladas--which with 200,000 ducados of silver
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