Pigafetta’s Chart of the Moluccas 72 Pigafetta’s Chart of the islands of Bachian, etc. 104 Pigafetta’s Chart of the islands of Amboina, etc. 110 Pigafetta’s Chart of the Banda Islands 114 Pigafetta’s Chart of the islands of Zolot, etc. 118 Pigafetta’s Charts of the island of Timor, and of the Laut Chidol or Great Sea 124 Photographic facsimile of last page of Pigafetta’s relation showing signature; from the Pigafetta MS. in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, Italy 146 Map of eastern Asia and the eastern archipelago, showing the Moluccas; drawn by Diego Homem, ca. 1558 (on vellum); photographic facsimile of original manuscript map in the British Museum 150, 151 “India tercera nova tabula”—map of the Eastern archipelago; from Mattiolo’s edition of Ptolemy’s Geographia (Venetia, M. D. LXVIII); from a copy of this work in possession of Frank A. Hutchins, Madison, Wisconsin facing p. 190 Signature of Martin Ignacio de Loyola, author of the Itinerario in Mendoza’s Historia de ... China; from MS. in Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla facing p. 384 PREFACE In the present volume, Pigafetta’s narrative (begun in VOL. XXXIII) is concluded; and a description of the islands written by a Chinese geographer Chao Ju-kua, probably in the thirteenth century, and various documents covering the years 1565–1605 are presented. Chao Ju-kua’s description is especially interesting and valuable as it forms the earliest authentic notice of the Philippines previous to their discovery by Magalhães. The remaining documents treat of secular and ecclesiastical affairs in the islands and cover a wide range of interests. Various details of the first settlements at Cebú and Manila, early explorations, and descriptions of the Philippines and their peoples, supplement the information of previous volumes. The royal intentions in regard to the discoveries of Legazpi and Legazpi himself are set forth in a series of documents, and form an interesting chapter from which one may construct the effect caused in Spain by the New Orient opened for the fourth time to that country. The early efforts of the first missionaries, the complications that arise almost from the very start between them and the secular government, and the internal trouble in the Augustinian Order, receive considerable attention. Of especial interest is Bishop Salazar’s manifesto creating and erecting the cathedral of Manila, in which, in addition to other matters, he outlines the duties of the various officials. Early government matters and problems that arise therein, among them the