carry him a prisoner to a fort, until they could report to him on the next day. It is to be noted that these patrols, commanders as well as soldiers, are usually native mulattoes, and mestizos from Nueva España. At the fiesta of the naval battle, at which the governor was present, he showed extreme resentment, and uttered sharp complaints because he who recited the epistle turned his back on the governor's wife--doubtless thinking that he who recited the gospel had his face turned toward her not because the rubrics require that it be read while facing the people, but in order to show her the attention that was due her; and therefore he criticised him who had recited the epistle. Not less absurd was his assuming that he ought to be named in the prayers at mass, after the king, as is done with the viceroy; and as this was not done at a fiesta at which he was present, he was so vexed that there also he chose to display his resentment. It was with some difficulty that the auditors pacified him at the time, and afterward made him understand how unreasonable he was in the matter. He prides himself on being very learned, and that he needs no advice from any one, holding it as an established maxim that the religious lie to him in whatever they say or propose in favor of the Indians. From this results the extreme contempt in which the religious now find themselves [held by him], and the grievous oppression which the poor Indians experience; for, from the very month in which this governor entered Manila, the Indians have not ceased their labors [on public works] to this day, without any attention being paid to the times when they ought to attend to their farming, or to the inclemency of the rainy seasons--not even in a sort of pestilence which has prevailed in this [province] of Tagalos among the Indians. Sick as they were, [the officials] obliged them with blows to go to their toil in timber-working, where not a few fell dead from the labor and their illness; and all this, only to build one ship (a very small one), on account of the unnecessary destruction of the galleon "Santo Niño," which Don Juan de Bargas had constructed in his term as governor. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA The documents contained in this volume are obtained from the following sources: 1. Events at Manila, 1690-91.--From the Ventura del Arco MSS. (Ayer library), iv, pp. 53-67. 2. Native races and customs.--From Colin's Labor evangélica, book i, chap. iv, xiii-xvi; from a copy of original edition (1663) in possession of Edward E. Ayer, Chicago. 3. Natives of the southern islands.--From Combes's Historia de Mindanao, Ioló, etc. (Retana and Pastells's reprint), chap. ix-xviii. 4. San Agustín's Letter.--From an early MS. copy in possession of Edward E. Ayer. 5. Native peoples and their customs.--From San Antonio's Crónicas, i, pp. 129-172; from a copy in possession of Edward E. Ayer. APPENDIX: ETHNOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FILIPINOS