The law of September 13, 1888, applicable to Filipinas, according to article 4 of its transitory rulings, marks the bound of the jurisdiction of the court of contencioso-administrativo. Perhaps the generic notes of article 1 of the said law would be found in a manner suited to the resolution of the ministry. That article would occasion a report [estado]. In what concerns the application of the properties and the incomes of the institution, it would emanate from powers subject to rule, and not discretional, and would wound a preëxisting right of a certain administrative character. For, besides the original royal permission and that of the protectorate general in regard to the foundations, the public administration has intervened, intertwining the public service of the instruction of that university with the private foundation. But article 4 of the law excepts the questions of a civil nature, and of the competency of the ordinary jurisdiction, the questions in which the right violated may be of a civil character, and also those which emanate from acts in which the administration has taken part as a legal person, or as one subject to rights and obligations. Of a character essentially civil would be the right violated by the hypothetical ministerial decision of which we are treating, reducing to accidental mixtures the ancient connections of the college founded by private persons, with the administration, which was advantageous to the opportunities which the college offered for the service of education. In strict terms one might add that the government, although it would perform judicial acts as a public power, in determining the future system of education, in exchange ought to be considered as a legal person, in so far as it should attempt to obtain by entreaty from the patrons of the college, the aid of the properties and incomes of the legal person incarnate in them. But the notoriously civil character of the laws which are involved in the observance of the foundation of 1611 are sufficient so that we might consider as definitive that the courts of justice would be those summoned to impose on the government respect for the will of the institutors, the owners of the properties with which the college is endowed.