has been for a long time in charge of the observatory, and began forecasting the weather as early as 1879. Expeditions have been made under his direction all over the archipelago, with a view to making magnetic and other observations." See also Archipiélago Filipino, ii, pp. 5-16. [154] "Manual for the traveler:" a guide book, in which various interesting statistics are published. [155] Historia geográfica, geológico y estadistica de Filipinas (Manila, 1876), by Agustin de la Cavada y Mendez de Vigo. This author was for many years a State official in the Philippines. He died in Spain in 1894. See Pardo de Tavera's Biblioteca filipina, p. 96. [156] The Indian and mestizo advocates, too abundant in that country, are a real calamity to it, and the same thing may be said of them as of the Indian secular clergy. They do not know the law, nor do they ever come to understand what they have studied. They obtained their certificate, thanks to the excessive tolerance of their professors, and once converted into licentiates and even doctors, they pay for their benefits and the honor which they have received by becoming outrageous anti-Spanish. They believe themselves superior to the latter, and dream of republics in which they can figure and strut. Their ridiculous hopes, and their vanity and deficiency would be excusable, if they did not deceive their simple countrymen in a nursery of litigation with their eagerness of defending evil causes. Such is, although it be a cause for regret, the general rule. See Montero y Vidal, Archipiélago Filipino, pp. 192, 193, note. [157] This is one of the needs that has been most apparent to the American authorities since 1898. The stress laid upon industrial training is evident from the many Filipinos among the government pupils now in the United States, who are being trained especially in agriculture and the various forms of engineering. Regarding trade schools and industrial instruction, see Report of Philippine Commission, 1905, iv, p. 412. [158] See VOL. XLVI, appendix, for the regulations of the municipal school for girls. [159] See ut supra. [160] The school or college of Santa Potenciana was suppressed in 1865, and its building became the provisional palace of the governor general. Its collegiates reduced to twelve were transferred to the school of Santa Isabel. See Barrantes's Instrucción primaria en Filipinas (Manila, 1869), pp. 17, 18, note. [161] See an account of this school in Archipiélago Filipino, i, p. 352. [162] See Archipiélago Filipino, ii, pp. 280 et seq., for data regarding earthquakes in the Philippines. A number of shocks are recorded for 1880, but none especially disastrous. [163] See also Archipiélago Filipino, i, pp. 352, 353. [164] See also Archipiélago Filipino, i, p. 353. [165] See also Archipiélago Filipino, i, p. 353.