225-233. [This memorial from the Philipinas deputies was communicated to the deputy from the commercial interests of España, Joseph Lopez Pintado, on March 31, 1735; and on the first of June following he presented another in reply, accompanied by various illustrative documents. The former arguments are repeated, but various interesting data are adduced in their support. Pintado states that the looms for making silk fabrics in España numbered more than 70,000 in the days when that industry flourished there. Nueva España was forbidden to cultivate the vine and the olive, in order to protect those industries in España. The commerce of Manila in Chinese silks has ruined the silk manufacture not only in España but in Mexico, where formerly was worked up the raw silk carried by the Manila galleon. Cadiz claims that the decree of April 8, 1734, was obtained on the strength of the representations made by the Manila deputies, without giving Cadiz any opportunity for remonstrance; Abreu furnishes at this point a marginal note to explain this, saying that the king asked the Council of the Indias to report on the matter as quickly as possible, and that the action which he wished to take brought the question back to the status which it had on previous occasions of this sort, when the commerce of Andalusia had had a full hearing; they had therefore considered it unnecessary to hear its arguments again. The enactments of 1593 are cited to show that not until then was the commerce of Manila restricted, and that because it was injuring that of España; but this and succeeding laws show that it was the royal intention to allow Manila sufficient trade to provide for its needs and support. Moreover, after the islands were conquered a large territory was allotted to Manila (as to other Spanish colonies) for its support; and in its early history these lands produced abundantly for the maintenance of the inhabitants. Besides these, the cotton fabrics made by the natives were more than enough to supply the islands, and became the basis of the exchange and barter trade with China. Manila ought to return to these industries for its support, and has no right to expect that it be supported without them. All the realms of España are under obligation to support the crown; but Manila asks the crown to support it, at the expense of great injury to the interests of España itself. The citizens of Manila have yielded to idleness and sloth, and have allowed the idolatrous Sangleys to monopolize and manage the industries and even the commerce of the islands. Some of the mestizos had erected looms for the manufacture of the finer kinds of cotton fabrics, but the Sangleys succeeded in breaking up this enterprise. A section of the memorial is devoted to proving that the permission to Manila to trade in Chinese silks has not been and is not of use for the increase and propagation of the Catholic faith in those regions, which