[In the years 1637 and 1659 memorials are sent to Spain of the wretched condition of the islands, occasioned by frequent invasions, insurrections, repeated loss of ships, and exorbitant royal duties charged in Acapulco. The ships lost are the following: in 1646, the galleon "San Luis," on the Cagayan coast, when coming from Nueva España, and the galleon "Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza" on the island of Negros, while returning from taking reenforcements to Ternate; in 1648, the ship "Buen Jesus" is burned on its return from Nueva España in Lampon, to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy, and the same year are lost the galleon "Nuestra Señora de Guia" in the river of Camboja where it is being refitted, and the galleon "San Antonio de Padua" in Mindoro with the reënforcements which it is taking to Ternate; October 21, 1649, the flagship "Encarnacion" on the coast of Bula, while returning from Nueva España; in 1651, the ship "San Joseph" on the island of Luban, while coming from Camboja, and the same year the galleon "San Diego" puts back, after leaving for Nueva España; in 1653, the galleon "San Diego" in Limbones, while returning from Nueva España; in 1655, the galleon "San Francisco Xavier," in the bay of Boronga, while returning from Nueva España, with the loss of many people, a new galleon which has been built in Camboja at great expense, with the loss of many people; and two merchant ships with goods belonging to the citizens of Manila; in 1656, two ships after leaving for Nueva España, put back; in 1669, two ships put back, but leave in 1670, one of them being burned at Acapulco; and in 1672, the ship "San Thelmo" puts back. No reenforcements come from Nueva España in the years 1647, 1652, 1662, and 1663. In 1662, the commerce of Macao is lost because of the Portuguese revolt against Spain; and at that time the Portuguese seize a ship with 30,000 pesos which was intended for the purpose of war supplies for the Spanish monarchy, and much property belonging to the citizens of Manila. In 1647, a fleet of thirteen Dutch ships enters the bay of Manila, where they demolish some of the fortifications, although they are finally driven off, retiring to the northward where they inflict much damage. The embassy of the Chinese pirate Cogsen under charge of Fray Victorio Risio, O.P., throws the city into a flutter, and new fortifications are pushed apace, a process which however, exhausts the treasury and the citizens. Sabiniano Manrrique de Lara writes to the brotherhood, under date of December 14, 1662, asking them to attend the octave ordered to be held in the cathedral after Christmas. The presidios of Ternate and Zamboanga are abandoned in view of the approaching trouble with the Chinese pirate. An earthquake that occurs August 20, 1658, proves more disastrous than that of 1645. Insurrections in several provinces in 1660 and 1661 are put down only after great expense, as is that of the Chinese in 1672.