The Morning Ceremonies--How the Afternoon is Spent--The Evening Procession--The Entertainment at Home--The Moro-Moro and the Fire-works 159-173 History of Commerce in the Philippines. The Spanish Policy--The Treasure-Galleons--Disasters to Spanish Commerce--Other Nations enter into Competition--Fraud and Speculation--The Merchants of Cádiz--Royal Restrictions on Trade 174-187 Commerce During the Present Century. The Royal Company--The Restrictions are gradually Abolished--Vexatious Duties on Foreign Imports--Duties made Uniform--Spanish Opposition to Foreign Trade--Trade with the Natives--The Decline of American Trade--Recent Measures and Statistics--Bad Results of Spanish Rule 188-198 Agriculture: The Sugar and Rice Crops. Agriculture, the Chief Industry--The Principal Products of the Colony--The Cultivation of Sugar-cane--Methods of Manufacturing Sugar--The Several Systems of Labor--The Rice Crop--Methods of Rice-Cultivation--Primitive Machines, and Importance of the Rice Crop 199-213 The Hemp Plant and its Uses. Description of the Abacá--The Process of Manufacture--Some Facts about Hemp-growing--Difficulties with Native Labor--Tricks of the Natives--Competition with Other Lands--Experience of a Planter--What the Hemp is used for 214-226 Culture and Use of Tobacco. The Cultivation of Tobacco, a State Monopoly--Oppressive Conditions in Luzon--How Speculators take Advantage of the Natives--The Quality of Manila Tobacco--Methods of Preparing the Tobacco Leaf--Smoking, a Universal Habit 227-236 The Cultivation of Coffee. The Origin of the Industry--Indifference of Coffee-planters--Speculation in Coffee--Methods of Cultivation--Harsh Methods of the Government 237-242 Betel-Nut, Grain, and Fruit-Growing. The Areca Palm and the Betel Nut--The Nipa Palm and Nipa Wine--Various Fruits of the Islands--Cereals and Vegetables--Cotton and Indigo Planting--The Cocoa Industry--The Traffic in Birds' Nests 243-250 Useful Woods and Plants. The Huge Forests--The Bamboo Plant and its Uses--The Bejuco Rope--The Useful Cocoanut Palm--Oppressive Regulations of the Government--The Early Missionaries Beneficial to the Natives 251-259 Mineral Wealth of the Islands. Early Search for Gold--The Mining Laws and Methods of the Colony--Where the Precious Metal is Found--The Whole Country a Virgin Mine--Precious Stones and Iron--Peculiar Method of Mining Copper--Other Materials and the Coal Fields, 260-272 Animal Life in the Colony.