The Philippines: Past and Present (Volume 2 of 2)Worcester, Dean C. (Dean Conant)
History
The Philippines: Past and Present (Volume 2 of 2)
Worcester, Dean C. (Dean Conant)
Philippines; Philippines -- History -- 1898-1946
On February 10, 1900, General P. García wrote to General Isidoro
Torres advising him to inform the inhabitants of Bulacan, among
whom it was understood that the Americans were about to establish
municipal governments, "of what occurred in the Island of Negros
where two hundred men have been shot and forty more have been cast
into the water for having accepted the American sovereignty, and
because they were suspected of not being adherents of the cause of
the independence of our country." [146]
In reviewing the sentence of the Taytay murderers, General Adna
R. Chaffee, who, as the ranking military officer in the Philippines,
was closely in touch with the situation, made the following
statement:--
"The number of peaceful men who have been murdered in these
islands at the instigation of the chiefs, while impracticable of
exact determination, is yet known to be so great that to recount
them would constitute one of the most horrible chapters in human
history. With respect to these chiefs, the commanding general
has, therefore, no other recourse than to invoke the unrelenting
execution of the law upon them and to appeal to the intelligent
and educated among the Filipino people to aid him by renewed
efforts to end a reign of terror of which their own people are
the helpless victims." [147]
Taylor has made the following summary of the facts:--
"The justice of the United States was slow in its course;
witnesses had to be examined, and before a notorious criminal
could be punished it had to be proved that he had committed some
particular crime. Unless the crime was proved to the satisfaction
of a military commission by witnesses, the greater part of whose
testimony had to be translated into English from some native
language by an interpreter, who was almost never an American,
the man whom a whole village knew to be an assassin would escape
punishment and would return to avenge himself upon those who
had denounced him. The justice of Aguinaldo was a different
matter. The Americans might hang for murder, but he would bury
alive for serving them. The Americans might send a man to prison
for burning a town, only to release him when an error was found in
the proceedings. There were no errors in the proceedings of the
guerillas. There was usually no summoning of witnesses, no slow
taking of testimony and no careful search for laches which would
invalidate the finding of the court and inure to the benefit of
the accused. It was sufficient for some native to be denounced
as in the employment of the Americans, or as an agent, or as a
civil officer under the United States, for a summons to be issued
for his appearance before a court of summary procedure, which
was a court in name only; or for a mandate to be sent ordering
that 'the serviceable method of dukut was to be employed in his
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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