The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elementsProclus
Philosophy
The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Proclus
Euclid. Elements; Platonists
These are the triple species of angles, which Socrates speaks of in
the Republic, and which are received by geometricians from hypothesis;
a right-line constituting these angles, according to a division into
species; I mean, the right, the obtuse, and the acute. The first of
these being defined by equality, identity and similitude; but the
others being composed through the nature of the greater and the lesser;
and lastly, through inequality and diversity, and through the more and
the less, indeterminately assumed. But many geometricians, are unable
to render a reason of this division, and use the assertion, that there
are three angles, as an hypothesis[158]. So that, when we interrogate
them concerning its cause, they answer, this is not to be required
of them as geometricians. However, the Pythagoreans, referring the
solution of this triple distribution to principles, are not wanting in
rendering the causes of this difference of right-lined angles. For,
since one of the principles subsists according to bound, and is the
cause of limitation, identity, and equality, and lastly, of the whole
of a better co-ordination: but the other is of an infinite nature,
and confers on its progeny, a progression to infinity, increase,
and decrease, inequality, and diversity of every kind, and entirely
presides over the worse series; hence, with great propriety, since
the principles of a right-lined angle are constituted by these, the
reason proceeding from bound, produces a right angle, one, with respect
to the equality of every right angle, endued with similitude, always
finite and determinate, ever abiding the same, and neither receiving
increment nor decrease. But the reason proceeding from infinity,
since it is the second in order, and of a dyadic nature, produces
twofold angles about the right angle, distinguished by inequality,
according to the nature of the greater and the lesser, and possessing
an infinite motion, according to the more and the less, since the one
becomes more or less obtuse; but the other more or less acute. Hence,
in consequence of this reason, they ascribe right angles to the pure
and immaculate gods of the divine ornaments, and divine powers which
proceed into the universe, as the authors of the invariable providence
of inferiors; for rectitude, and an inflexibility and immutability to
subordinate natures accords with these gods: but they affirm, that the
obtuse and acute angles should be ascribed to the gods, who afford
progression, and motion, and a variety of powers. Since obtuseness is
the image of an expanded progression of forms; but acuteness possesses
a similitude to the cause dividing and moving the universe. But
likewise, among the things which are, rectitude is, indeed, similar to
essence, preserving the same bound of its being; but the obtuse and
acute, shadow forth the nature of accidents. For these receive the more
and the less, and are indefinitely changed without ceasing. Hence,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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