The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elementsProclus
Philosophy
The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Proclus
Euclid. Elements; Platonists
with great propriety, they exhort the soul to make her descent into
generation, according to this invariable species of the right angle,
by not verging to this part more than to that; and by not affecting
some things more, and others less. For the distribution of a certain
convenience and sympathy of nature, draws it down into material error,
and indefinite variety[159]. A perpendicular line is, therefore, the
symbol of inflexibility, purity, immaculate, and invariable power,
and every thing of this kind. But it is likewise the symbol of divine
and intellectual measure: since we measure the altitudes of figures
by a perpendicular, and define other rectilineal angles by their
relation to a right angle, as by themselves they are indefinite and
indeterminate. For they are beheld subsisting in excess and defect,
each of which is, by itself, indefinite. Hence they say, that virtue
also stands according to rectitude; but that vice subsists according
to the infinity of the obtuse and acute, that it produces excesses and
defects, and that the more and the less exhibit its immoderation, and
inordinate nature. Of rectilineal angles, therefore, we must establish
the right angle, as the image of perfection, and invariable energy,
of limitation, intellectual bound, and the like; but the obtuse and
acute, as shadowing forth infinite motion, unceasing progression,
division, partition and infinity. And thus much for the theological
speculation of angles. But here we must take notice, that the genus
is to be added to the definitions of an obtuse and acute angle; for
each is right-lined, and the one is greater, but the other less than a
right-angle. But it is not absolutely true, that every angle which is
less than a right one, is acute. For the cornicular is less than every
right-angle, because less than an acute one, yet is not on this account
an acute angle. Also, a semi-circular is less than any right-angle, yet
is not acute. And the cause of this property is because they are mixt,
and not rectilineal angles. Besides, many curve-lined angles appear
greater than right-lined angles, yet are not on this account obtuse;
because it is requisite that an obtuse should be a right-lined angle.
Secondly, as it was the intention of Euclid, to define a right-angle,
he considers a right-line standing upon another right-line, and making
the angles on each side equal. But he defines an obtuse and acute
angle, not from the inclination of a right line to either part, but
from their relation to a right-angle. For this is the measure of
angles deviating from the right, in the same manner as equality of
things unequal. But lines inclined to either part, are innumerable,
and not one alone, like a perpendicular. But after this, when he says,
(_the angles equal to one another_) he exhibits to us a specimen
of the greatest geometrical diligence; since it is possible that angles
may be equal to others, without being right. But when they are equal
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