The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elementsProclus
Philosophy
The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Proclus
Euclid. Elements; Platonists
indeed, triangles also are comprehended by three right-lines, but they
possess angles which collect the multitude of lines, and afford to them
an adventitious angle and conjunction. With great propriety, therefore,
Philolaus has consecrated the angle of a triangle to four gods,
Saturn, Pluto, Mars, and Bacchus, comprehending in these the whole
quadripartite ornament of the elements descending from the heavens,
or from the four segments of the zodiac. For Saturn constitutes an
essence wholly humid and frigid; but Mars a nature totally fiery; and
Pluto contains the whole terrestrial life; but Bacchus governs a humid
and hot generation; of which wine also is a symbol, for this is humid
and hot. Hence, all these gods differ according to their operations
in inferior concerns: but they are mutually united according to their
proper natures. And on this account, Philolaus collects their union
according to one angle. But if the differences of triangles contribute
to generation, we shall very properly confess that a triangle is
the principle and author of the constitution of sublunary natures.
For a right angle, indeed, affords them essence, and determines the
measure of being; and the reason of a right-angled triangle produces
the essence of the elements of generable natures; but an obtuse angle
assigns to them universal distance; and the reason of an obtuse-angled
triangle increases material forms in magnitude, and in mutation of
every kind. But an acute angle effects their divisible nature; and the
reason of an acute-angled triangle prepares them to receive infinite
division. But simply, a triangular reason constitutes the essence of
material bodies distant with interval, and on all sides divisible.
And thus much should we speculate concerning the nature of triangles.
But from these divisions you may understand, that all the species of
triangles are neither more nor less than seven. For the equilateral
triangle is one, since it is acute-angled only; but each of the rest
is triple. For the isosceles is either right-angled, or obtuse-angled,
or acute-angled; and, in like manner, the scalene triangle possesses
this triple difference. If then, these have a triple distinction, but
the equilateral has but one mode of existence, all the species of
triangles will be seven. But again, you will understand the proportion
of triangles to the things which _are_, according to the division
of sides; for the equilateral, entirely excelling in equality and
simplicity, is allied to divine souls; since it is the measure and
equality of things unequal, in the same manner as divinity of all
inferior concerns. But the isosceles triangle is allied to the better
genera, which govern a material nature, the greater part of which
genera is held by the limitation of measure; but their extremes extend
to inequality and material immoderation; for the two sides of an
isosceles triangle are equal, but the base is unequal. But a scalene
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