THE PROBLEM OF POLITICAL OBLIGATION MORE RADICALLY TREATED 79-102 1. Nature of above theories not expressed by term Individualism. “Theories of the first look” 79 2. Rousseau’s earlier Essays 84 3. Problem of the _Contrat Social_ 87 4. Conflict of ideas in Rousseau’s statement 89 5. Nature of his solution 91 6. Reality of the “Moral Person” and conception of Civil Liberty 94 CHAPTER V. THE CONCEPTION OF A “REAL” WILL 103-123 1. The Supreme Will in Hobbes and Locke 103 2. Meaning of the General Will for Rousseau 107 3- The General Will contrasted with the Will of All 111 4- The General Will and the work of the Legislator 117 CHAPTER VI THE CONCEPTION OF LIBERTY AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE FOREGOING SUGGESTIONS 118-154 1. Liberty as the condition of our being ourselves 118 2. Illustrated by the idea of Nature and Natural 128 3. Phases of idea of Liberty 133 _(a)_ Juristic phase = “absence of restraint” 134 _(b)_ Political phase = “rights of citizenship” 135 _(c)_ Positive connection of _(a)_ and _(b)_ 136 _(d)_ Philosophical phase = “being oneself in fullest sense” 137 _(e)_ Danger and justification of using same term for _(a)_ and _(d)_ 142 4. Liberty as attribute of the will that wills itself 146 5. This “real” will identified with State 149 _(a)_ State in this sense is social life as a whole 150 _(b)_ How State is force as extension of “individual” mind 152 CHAPTER VII PSYCHOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATION OF THE IDEA OF A REAL OR GENERAL WILL 155-179 1. Object of the Chapter 155 2. Connection between social and mental groupings 156 (1) Analogy between them 156 (i) Associations of persons and of ideas 156 (ii) Organisation of social groups and of ideas 159 (2) Identity of social and mental groupings 170 (i) Social groups as an aspect of mental systems 170 (ii) Individual minds as structures of appercipient systems 173 (iii) Social whole as a system of mental systems 175 CHAPTER VIII NATURE OF THE END OF THE STATE AND CONSEQUENT LIMIT OF STATE ACTION 180-234 1. Distinction between Individual and Society irrelevant to question of Social Means and End 180 2. True contrast: Automatism and Consciousness 181 3. End of State, and Means at its disposal _qua_ State 184 4. State can only secure “external” actions 186 5. Principle of the hindrance of hindrances 190