We therefore state a plausible hypothesis when we assert that
different species may be related to each other in the same way that
the individuals of the same species are related, that is, by a tie
of blood-relationship; and that different genera, families, orders,
and so on are also so related. Morphological studies enable us to
arrange numbers of species in such a way that series, in each of which
there is an increasing specialisation of structure, are formed. Both
palæontology and embryology show, to some extent at least, that these
stages of ever-increasing specialisation of structure occurred one
after the other. Now, stated briefly and baldly as we have put it, this
argument may not appear to the general reader to possess much force,
but it is almost impossible to over-state the strength of the appeal
which it makes to the student of biology. To such a one a belief in a
process of transformism will appear to be inseparable from a reasoned
description of the facts of the science.
But it would be no more than a belief, not even a hypothesis, if we
did not attempt to verify it experimentally. It is merely logical
relationships that we establish, and the chronological succession of
forms of life, higher forms succeeding lower ones, does not itself do
more than suggest an evolutionary process. All that we have said is
compatible with a belief in a process of special creation. But if we
cling to such a belief, if we suppose that the organisms inhabiting
the earth, now and in the past, are the manifestations of a Creative
Thought, we must still accept the notion of logical and chronological
relationships between all these forms of life. If we permit ourselves
to speculate on the working of the Creative Thought, we seem to
recognise that the ideas of the different species must have generated
each other, and that the genesis of living things must have occurred
in some such order as is indicated by a scientific hypothesis of
transformism. An evolutionary process must have occurred somewhere, but
the kinships so established between organisms would be logical and not
material ones.
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