Thus we decompose our stream of consciousness into a series of
quantitatively different and qualitatively different things, upon
each of which we confer independent existence. We attribute to these
different aspects of our consciousness extension, but the extension is
due only to our analysis; for the qualities of pitch, loudness, colour,
odour, etc., which we disentangle from each other, did not exist apart
from each other, any more than do the sine and cosine curves into which
we decompose an arbitrarily drawn curved line. The multiplicity of
our consciousness is intensive, like the multiplicity that we see to
exist in the abstract number ten. This number stands for a group of
things, but its multiplicity is intensive and only exists because we
are able to subdivide anything in thought to an indefinite extent. Now,
so far we have only separated what we agree to regard as the elemental
parts of our general perception of the environment, but it is to be
noted that we have not given to these elements anything like spatial
extension.
We may, if we like, regard our intuition of space as that of an
indefinitely large, homogeneous, empty medium which surrounds us and
in which we may, in imagination, place things. So regarded it is
difficult to see in what way our notion of space differs from our idea
of “nothing,” a pseudo-idea incapable of analysis, except into the
idea of something which might be somewhere else. The more we think
about it the more we shall become convinced that space, that is the
“form” of space, represents our actual or potential modes of motion,
that is, our powers of exertional activity. Space, we say, has three
dimensions; in all our analysis of the universe, and of the activities
that we can perceive in it, this idea of movement in three dimensions,
forward and backward, up and down, and right and left, occurs; and
we have to recognise that in it there is something fundamental, as
fundamental as the intuitive knowledge that we possess of the direction
of right and left. It is because we can move in such a way that any
of our motions, no matter how complex, can be resolved into the
components of backward and forward, right and left, and up and down,
these directions all being at right angles to each other, that we speak
of our movements as three-dimensional ones. Our geometry is founded,
therefore, on concepts derived from our modes of activity; and there is
nothing in the universe, apart from our own activity, that makes this
the only geometry possible to us. Euclidean geometry does not depend
on the constitution of the external universe, but on the nature of the
organism itself.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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