This is the general tendency of terrestrial life, and it is
expressed most fully in the metabolism of the green plant. The
energy-transformations that are effected here are those in which the
kinetic energy of radiation is employed to build up chemical compounds
of high potential, from inorganic substances incapable in themselves
of undergoing further transformations. The general tendency of all
inorganic transformations is towards inertia. In them energy is not
destroyed, but it is dissipated: it becomes uniformly distributed
throughout material bodies as the un-co-ordinated motions of the
molecules of which those bodies are composed, and it ceases to be
available for further transformations. The green plant reverses
this transformation, and accumulates energy in the form of chemical
compounds of high potential. Inorganic processes are those in which
available energy becomes unavailable, and this unavailable energy can
only become available again if a compensatory energy-transformation
is effected. Life is that which effects these compensatory
energy-transformations.
_The organism is a constellation capable of indefinite growth by
dissociation._
That is to say, it is a constellation which reproduces itself in all
its specificity. Growth consists in the separation from the organism
of a part, or reproductive cell, which divides (or dissociates)
repeatedly, each dissociated part growing again in mass by the addition
of substances similar to its own, but which are taken from a medium
dissimilar in composition to itself. The aggregate of parts so formed
then differentiates so that the constellation is reproduced in all its
specificity. There is nothing precisely similar to this in inorganic
happening. The growth of a crystal consists simply of the accretion of
elements similar in nature to those of the growing body, and there is
no differentiation.
_The organism exhibits autonomy._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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