By the same Author. BALZAC. A STUDY. _With a Bibliography of Balzac's Writings, and a Portrait._ Crown 8vo, gilt top, $1.25. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. _Publishers_, BOSTON. THE PHILOSOPHY OF DISENCHANTMENT BY EDGAR EVERTSON SALTUS In Arkadien geboren sind wir Alle SCHILLER [Illustration] BOSTON HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY New York: 11 East Seventeenth Street, The Riverside Press, Cambridge 1887 Copyright, 1885, BY EDGAR EVERTSON SALTUS. _All rights reserved._ _The Riverside Press, Cambridge:_ Electrotyped and printed by H. O. Houghton & Co. CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I. THE GENESIS OF DISENCHANTMENT 1 CHAPTER II. THE HIGH PRIEST OF PESSIMISM 36 CHAPTER III. THE SPHINX'S RIDDLE 77 CHAPTER IV. THE BORDERLANDS OF HAPPINESS 124 CHAPTER V. THE GREAT QUIETUS 163 CHAPTER VI. IS LIFE AN AFFLICTION? 208 THE PHILOSOPHY OF DISENCHANTMENT. CHAPTER I. THE GENESIS OF DISENCHANTMENT. The trite and commonplace question of contentment and dissatisfaction is a topic which is not only of every-day interest, but one which in recent years has so claimed the attention of thinkers, that they have broadly divided mankind into those who accept life off-hand, as a more or less pleasing possession, and those who resolutely look the gift in the mouth and say it is not worth the having. Viewed simply as systems of thought, the first of these two divisions is evidently contemporaneous with humanity, while the second will be found to be of purely modern origin; for from the earliest times man, admittedly and with but few exceptions, has been ever accustomed to regard this world as the best one possible, and through nearly every creed and sect he has considered happiness somewhat in the light of an inviolable birthright. Within the last half century, however, there has come into being a new school, which, in denying the possibility of any happiness, holds as first principle that the world is a theatre of misery in which, were the choice accorded, it would be preferable not to be born at all. In stating that this view of life is of distinctly modern origin, it should be understood that it is so only in the systematic form which it has recently assumed, for individual expressions of discontent have been handed down from remote ages, and any one who cared to rummage through the dust-bins of literature would find material enough to compile a dictionary of pessimistic quotation. For these pages but little rummaging will be attempted, but as the proper presentation of the subject demands a brief account of the ideas and opinions in which it was cradled, a momentary examination of general literature will not, it is believed, cause any after-reproach of time misspent.