The Philosophy of Earthquakes, Natural and Religious: or, An Inquiry Into Their Cause, and Their PurposeStukeley, William
Religion
The Philosophy of Earthquakes, Natural and Religious: or, An Inquiry Into Their Cause, and Their Purpose
Stukeley, William
Earthquakes
Six years before Christ, the isle of _Coos_ vehemently afflicted.
During the _Peloponnesian_ war among the _Greeks_, the isle of _Delos_
shaken, and the most beautiful temple of _Apollo_ thrown down.
Soon after, the city of _Lacedæmon_ totally destroy'd.
_A. D._ 79. Three cities in _Cyprus_ overthrown.
_A. D._ 82. The city of _Smyrna_ ruined.
In the time of _Valens_ the emperor, a terrible earthquake in _Crete_,
whereby 100 cities were destroy'd.
_Feb._ 13, 1247, An earthquake, chiefly felt in the _Thames_. _Matt.
Paris._
_May_, 1382, A general earthquake, which did much mischief; the _Friday_
following one less; the _Saturday_ following, one felt mostly by water.
_Henry de Knyhton._ _Holinshed._
_A. D._ 1456, In the city of _Naples_, 40,000 people lost.
_Constantinople_ has often suffer'd; particularly in 1509, 13,000 people
overwhelm'd.
1531, At _Lisbon_, 1400 houses thrown down; as many shatter'd.
_April_, 1690, The _Leeward-Islands_, _Montserat_, _Nevis_, and _Antigua_:
At _Martinico_, and the _French_ islands, at St. _Lucia_, &c. a violent
earthquake.
_Dec._ 8, 1703, An earthquake at _Hull_, a perfect calm.
1702, At _Stroution_, in _Argyleshire_, which extended all along the west
coast of _Great-Britain_; but to no breadth on land.
_Oct._ 25, 1734, At _Havant_, in _Sussex_, considerable, the air perfectly
calm.
But instances enough, to show what I aim'd at, that maritime places are
most subject; which is a strong argument in favour of electricity; when
both the solid of the earth, and the quantity of the water concur, to make
the shock; exactly as in electrical experiments; when the bottle of water
is held in the hand.
Thus when our mind is discharged of the prejudices of former notions, we
discern, that every appearance favours the principle we go upon. That,
agreeable to Mr. _Flamsted_, subterraneous explosions, could they pervade,
and traverse the earth at pleasure, must at last burst, and disperse
every thing in their way. Yet 'tis not possible for us to imagine, such
a kind of vibration should follow, either by sea or land, as that we are
treating of. But electricity compleatly answers it. This accounts for
that superficial movement of the earth, that universal instantaneous
shock, which made every house in _London_ to tremble, none to fall: That
quivering, tremulous, horizontal vibration, highly different from any
motion we must conceive, to be produc'd from subterraneous evaporations.
Hence authors tell us, _Dec._ 30, 1739, describing an earthquake in the
west-riding of _Yorkshire_: It seem'd as if the earth mov'd backward and
forward horizontally; a quivering, with reciprocal vibrations.
Mr. _Flamsted_ rightly accounts the motion of earthquakes to be
undulatory; and by being continued, causes a like motion to a great
distance. As when you strike a long stretch'd string of wire at one end,
the motion is immediately continued to the other. So far he entered into
the nature of electricity.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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