(_β_) Dramatis personae must be vital not merely personified interests. Real emphasis on the collision involved. Goethe's "Iphigeneia" (_γ_) Attitude of poet himself. The impression of the whole as the product of one original creative force most important. Necessity that the dramatic poet master the eternal and essential foundation of human character and action. Worst case where he seeks to flatter a popular prejudice. Reference to contemporary event. Aristophanes. Didactic matter only admissible in so far as it is no bar to the freedom of the entire artistic product] 2. The external Technique of a dramatic Composition (_a_) The reading or recitation of a dramatic work [(_α_) True sensuous medium of drama the human voice. Modern plays often impracticable in the theatre. Contrast of Greek drama in this respect (_β_) Plays written for perusal only. Theatrical reproduction a real test of dramatic vitality. Question whether dramatic works should be printed (_γ_) Perusal no sufficient test of the acting possibilities of a drama. Recitation subject to the serious restriction that it is the expression of one voice only] (_b_) The art of the Actor [(_α_) Among the Greeks acting affiliated to sculpture. Ancients added music to declamation. Means of interpretation in motion of the body. The dance. Plastic character of Greek performance (_β_) Speech used solely as spiritual expression in modern acting. Coalescence of actor's personality with his rôle. Facial expression. Increase particularisation in modern character. Illustrations. Increase of difficulties. Modern actor an artist] (_c_) The theatrical art which is more independent of Poetry [(_α_) Plays written for the display of the particular talent of actors. The Italian _commedia dell' arte._ French attitude to audience (_β_) Modern opera. Luxurious display of scenic accessories. Schiller's "Maid of Orleans." Mozart's "Magic Flute" (_γ_) The Ballet. The proper subordination of the dance] 3. Types of dramatic poetry and the chief phases of their historical development (_a_) The principle of Tragedy, Comedy, and the Play