As the author had expected, the book provoked a fine frenzy of horror among the pious. The first title chosen for it, "_Die Pflugschar_" ("The Plowshare"), and the one finally selected, "Human, All-too Human," indicate that it was an attempt to examine the underside of human ideas. In it Nietzsche challenged the whole of current morality. He showed that moral ideas were not divine, but human, and that, like all things human, they were subject to change. He showed that good and evil were but relative terms, and that it was impossible to say, finally and absolutely, that a certain action was right and another wrong. He applied the acid of critical analysis to a hundred and one specific ideas, and his general conclusion, to put it briefly, was that no human being had a right, in any way or form, to judge or direct the actions of any other being. Herein we have, in a few words, that gospel of individualism which all our sages preach today.[5] Nietzsche sent a copy of the book to Wagner and the great composer was so appalled that he was speechless. Even the author's devoted sister, who worshipped him as an intellectual god, was unable to follow him. Germany, in general, pronounced the work a conglomeration of crazy fantasies and wild absurdities--and Nietzsche smiled with satisfaction. In 1879 he published the second volume, to which he gave the sub-title of "_Vermischte Meinungen und Sprüche_" ("Miscellaneous Opinions and Aphorisms") and shortly thereafter he finally resigned his chair at Basel. The third part of the book appeared in 1880 as "_Der Wanderer und sein Schatten_" ("The Wanderer and His Shadow"). The three volumes were published as two in 1886 as "_Menschliches allzu Menschliches_" with the explanatory sub-title, "_Ein Buch für Freie Geister_" ("A Book for Free Spirits"). [1] David Friedrich Strauss (1808-74) sprang into fame with his "_Das Leben Jesu,_" 1835 (Eng. tr. by George Eliot, 1846), but the book which served as Nietzsche's target was "_Der alte und der neue Glaube_" ("The Old Faith and the New"), 1872. [2] "_David Strauss, der Bekenner und der Schriftsteller_," § 7. [3] "_Schopenhauer als Erzieher,_" § 8. [4] According to Nietzsche's original plan the series was to have included pamphlets on "Literature and the Press," "Art and Painters," "The Higher Education," "German and Counter-German," "War and the Nation," "The Teacher," "Religion," "Society and Trade," "Society and Natural Science," and "The City," with an epilogue entitled "The Way to Freedom."