166. The two extensor muscles are named the triceps and the anconeous (fig. LXXIX.). The triceps, seated on the back part of the arm, derives its name from having three distinct points of origin, or three separate heads (fig. LXXIX. 5); one of which arises from the scapula and two from the humerus (fig. LXXIX. 5). All these heads adhere firmly to the humerus, as the brachialis does on the fore part of the arm, down to within an inch of the joint (fig. LXXIX. 5), where they form a strong tendon, which is implanted into the olecranon of the ulna (fig. LXXIX. 3); the projection of which affords a lever for increasing the action of the muscle. In all animals that leap and bound, this process of the ulna is increased in length in proportion to their power of performing these movements. The triceps forms an exceedingly thick and strong muscle, which envelops the whole of the back part of the arm (fig. LXXIX.); its action is simple and obvious; it powerfully extends the fore-arm. The anconeous, a small muscle of a triangular form, arising from the external condyle of the humerus, and inserted into the ulna a little below the olecranon, assists the action of the triceps. [Illustration: Fig. LXXIX. View of the extensor muscles of the fore-arm. 1. The scapula; 2. the upper part of the humerus; 3. upper end of the ulna; 4. upper end of the radius; 5. the muscle called _triceps_, the extensor of the fore-arm.] 167. Such are the motive powers which act upon the fore-arm, and which produce all the motions of which the hinge-joint of the elbow renders it capable. But besides flexion and extension, the fore-arm is capable of the motion of rotation, which is accomplished by means of the radius. It has been shown (157) that the top of the rounded head of the radius is excavated into a shallow cup (figs. LXIX. 6, and LXXIII. 4) which receives a corresponding convexity of the humerus (figs. LXIX. 2, and LXXIII. 2). In consequence of this articulation with the humerus, the radius, like the ulna, can move backwards and forwards in flexion and extension, the proper movements of the hinge-joint; but that portion of the margin of the hinge of the radius which is in apposition with the ulna is convex (fig. LXIX. 6), and is received into a semilunar cavity hollowed out in the ulna (fig. LXIX. 5). In this cavity the rounded head of the radius revolves, the two bones being held together by the ligament already described (160), which surrounds the head of the radius (fig. LXXVI. 3), and which holds it firmly without being adherent to it, and without impeding in any degree the rotatory motion of the radius. Below, the surface of the radius next the ulna is hollowed out into a semilunar cavity (fig. LXXXII. 1), which receives a corresponding convex surface of the ulna (fig. LXXXII. 2), upon which convex surface the radius rolls (fig. LXXXII. 1). Thus, by the mode in which it is articulated with the ulna above, the radius turns upon its own axis.