The Philosophy of Health; Volume 1 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of manSmith, Southwood
Philosophy
The Philosophy of Health; Volume 1 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of man
Smith, Southwood
Hygiene; Physiology
10. In like manner, the proximate principles never exist in a distinct
and pure state, but each is combined with one or more of the others. No
part consists wholly of pure albumen, gelatin, or mucus, but albumen is
mixed with gelatin, or both with mucus.
11. Simple or combined, every proximate principle assumes the form
either of a fluid or of a solid, and hence the most general and obvious
division of the body is into fluids and solids. But the terms fluid
and solid are relative, not positive; they merely express the fact
that some of the substances in the body are soft and liquid compared
with others which are fixed and hard; for there is no fluid, however
thin, which does not hold in solution some solid matter, and no solid,
however dense, which does not contain some fluid.
12. Fluids and solids are essentially the same in nature; they
differ merely in their mode of aggregation; hence the easy and rapid
transition from the one to the other which incessantly takes place in
the living body, in which no fluid long remains a fluid, and no solid a
solid, but the fluid is constantly passing into the solid and the solid
into the fluid.
13. The relative proportion of the fluids in the human body is always
much greater than that of the solids; hence its soft consistence and
rounded form. The excess, according to the lowest estimate, is as 6
to 1, and according to the highest, as 10 to 1. But the proportion is
never constant; it varies according to age and to the state of the
health. The younger the age, the greater the preponderance of the
fluids. The human embryo, when first perceptible, is almost wholly
fluid: solid substances are gradually but slowly superadded, and even
after birth the preponderance is strictly according to age; for in
the infant, the fluids abound more than in the child; in the child,
more than in the youth; in the youth, more than in the adolescent; in
the adolescent, more than in the adult; and in the adult, more than
in the aged. Thus, among the changes that take place in the physical
constitution of the body in the progress of life, one of the most
remarkable is the successive increase in the proportion of its solid
matter: hence the softness and roundness of the body in youth; its
hard, unequal, and angular surface in advanced life; its progressively
increasing fixedness and immobility in old age, and ultimate inevitable
death.
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