The Philosophy of Health; Volume 1 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of manSmith, Southwood
Philosophy
The Philosophy of Health; Volume 1 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of man
Smith, Southwood
Hygiene; Physiology
Nervous fibres, deprived of their neurilema and unravelled, showing the
smaller threads, or filaments, of which the fibres consist.]
46. The nervous pulp is at least as liberally supplied with
blood-vessels as the muscular; the vessels are spread out upon the
nerve-coat, in which they divide into innumerable branches of extreme
minuteness, the distribution of which is so perfect, that there is
not a particle of nervous matter which is not supplied both with an
arterial and a venous vessel. Hence the neurilema is not merely a
sheath containing and protecting the nervous pulp, but it affords an
extended mechanical surface for sustaining the arterial vessels, from
which the pulp is probably secreted, and certainly nourished.
47. Albumen, in conjunction with a peculiar fatty matter, constitutes
the chief proximate principles of which the nervous tissue is composed.
To these are added a small proportion of the animal substance termed
osmazome, a minute quantity of phosphorus, some salts, and a very large
proportion of water; for out of one hundred parts of nervous substance,
water constitutes as much as eighty. Its peculiar vital property is
sensibility; and as all motion depends on the contractility of the
muscular fibre, so all sensation depends on the sensibility of the
nervous substance.
48. Such are the primary tissues, or the several kinds of organized
matter of which the body is composed; and from this account it is
obvious that they consist of three only—namely, the concrete matter
forming the basis of membrane, the pulpy matter forming the proper
muscular substance, and the pulpy matter forming the proper nervous
substance. Of these three kinds of animal matter the component parts of
the body consist. In combining to form the different structures, these
primary substances are intermixed and arranged in a great variety of
modes; and from these combinations and arrangements result either an
organ, a system, or an apparatus.
49. As filaments unite to form fibres, and fibres to form tissues, so
tissues unite to form organs: that is, bodies having a determinate
size and figure, and capable of performing specific actions. The
cellular, the muscular, and the nervous tissues are not organs;
membranes, muscles, and nerves are organs. The tissue, the simple
animal substance, is merely one of the elements of which the organ
is composed; the organ is compounded of several of those simple
substances, arranged in a determinate manner, and moulded into a given
shape, and so constituting a specific instrument. The basis of the
muscle is muscular tissue; but to this are added, invariably, membrane,
often tendon, and always vessels and nerves. It is this combination
that forms the specific instrument called a muscle, and that renders it
capable of performing its specific action. And every such combination,
with its appropriate endowment, constitutes an organ.
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