The Philosophy of Immanuel KantLindsay, A. D. (Alexander Dunlop)
Philosophy
The Philosophy of Immanuel Kant
Lindsay, A. D. (Alexander Dunlop)
Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804
What, then, are they? Kant’s answer is that they are forms of our
perception. Space is the form of external perception, and time is the
form of internal perception, and Kant holds that by this answer we can
understand both how our knowledge of space and time may be a priori, how
spatial and temporal distinctions may be abstracted from the differences
of things, and how we may avoid the difficulties consequent on regarding
time and space as independent things.
What, then, does Kant mean by _form_? He seems to mean two things,
which he does not clearly distinguish. The first meaning is best
described in his own words: "In the phenomenon I call what corresponds
to the sensation the matter of the phenomenon, and that which causes
that the manifold of the phenomenon is perceived as arranged in specific
relations I call the form of the phenomenon." We are here face to face
with the ultimate difference of form and matter, or order and that which
is ordered. When Kant calls time and space the form of our perception
he is simply calling attention to the fact that in all that we perceive
we find this distinction. It is something found, given, not made by us.
By the word "form" Kant does not mean anything specially subjective as
contrasted with matter or content, for he carefully distinguishes
between space and time, and such qualities as colour, which get their
nature in part, he thinks, from the specific nature of the sense organ.
Compared with such qualities space and time are objective. The phrase
"forms of our perception," then, does not really explain anything about
space and time; it only emphasises the fact that the distinction between
space and time and objects in them is found in what we perceive, and
that there is no meaning in discussing either side of the distinction as
though it were quite independent of what we perceive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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