Works on rhetorics are not wanting, the author reports. Antiquity has laboured much in this field. Notwithstanding, he says, there is something to be done here too, and the Elizabethan æsthetics must be begun also in the _prima philosophia_. 'Notwithstanding,' he continues, 'to stir the earth a little about the _roots_ of this science, as we have done of the rest; the duty and office of Rhetoric is to apply _reason to imagination for the better moving of_ THE WILL; for we see reason is disturbed in the administration of the will by three means; by sophism, which pertains to logic; by imagination or impression, which pertains to rhetoric; and by passion or affection, which pertains to morality.' So in this negotiation within ourselves, men are _undermined_ by inconsequences, _solicited and importuned_ by impressions and observations, and _transported_ by _passions_. Neither is the nature of man so unfortunately built, as that these _powers and arts_ should have force to _disturb_ reason and not to _establish_ and _advance_ it. For the end of logic is to teach a form of logic to secure reason, not to entrap it. The end of morality is to procure the affections to obey reason, and not to invade it. The _end_ of rhetoric is to _fill the imagination_ to second reason, and not to _oppress_ it. For these abuses of arts come in but _ex obliquo_ for caution. That is the real original English doctrine of Art:--that is the doctrine of the age of Elizabeth, at least, as it stands in that queen's English, and though it may be very far from being orthodox at present, it is the doctrine which must determine the rule of any successful interpretation of works of art composed on that theory. 'And, therefore,' he proceeds to say, 'it was great injustice in Plato, though springing out of a just hatred of the rhetoricians of his time, to esteem of rhetoric but as a voluptuary art, resembling it to cookery that did mar wholesome meats, and help unwholesome, by variety of sauces _to the pleasure of the taste_.' 'And therefore, as Plato said eloquently, "That virtue, if she could be seen, would move great love and affection, so, seeing that she cannot be showed to the sense by corporal shape, the next degree is to show her to the imagination _in lively representation_": _for_ to show her to _reason only_, in _subtilty of argument_ was a thing ever derided in--_Chrysippus and many of the Stoics--who thought to thrust virtue upon men_ by _sharp disputations and conclusions, which have no sympathy with the will of man_.' 'Again, if the affections in themselves were pliant and obedient to reason, it were true there should be no great use of persuasions and injunctions to the will, more than of _naked propositions and proofs;_ but in regard of the continual mutinies and seditions of the affections, Video meliora proboque Deteriora sequor;