The physiology of digestion considered with relation to the principles of dieteticsCombe, Andrew
Science
The physiology of digestion considered with relation to the principles of dietetics
Combe, Andrew
Diet; Digestion
The French drink a single cup of strong coffee without cream
immediately after dinner, and find digestion go on all the better for
it. It acts as a strong stimulant, and certainly increases the feeling
of comfort for the time. Like all other stimulants, however, its use
is attended with the disadvantage of exhausting the sensibility of the
part on which it acts, and inducing weakness. This inconvenience is
not felt to the same extent indeed after coffee as after spirits, but
still it exists; and it is infinitely better that the stomach should
be brought up to do its own work ungrudgingly, than taught to depend
upon assistance from without; and therefore such assistance ought to
be reserved for the relief of occasional exhaustion, instead of being
resorted to as a regular indulgence. The French partake of a much
greater variety of dishes at one meal than we are accustomed to do,
and may thus require the aid of coffee to keep the stomach from actual
rebellion. But the way to obviate this necessity, is obviously to eat a
more simple and more moderate meal.
A great deal has been said and written about the properties of tea and
coffee as articles of diet. At present, however, we have to do with
them only as elements of a third meal, and must reserve the discussion
of the other branch of the subject to a future opportunity.
* * * * *
In determining whether a third meal ought to be taken either as tea or
as supper, the general principle already laid down will be very useful.
If dinner be sufficiently early to admit of digestion being completed
and the stomach afterwards recruited by repose, and if the mode of life
be active, so as to occasion a natural return of appetite before the
day is done, the propriety of a third meal cannot be questioned. But
if dinner be late, and there be too short an interval between it and
bedtime to admit of digestion being finished and the appetite renewed,
then every additional mouthful swallowed is sure to do mischief. The
farmer who dines at two o’clock, for example, and, after walking about
his fields for three or four hours in the afternoon, comes home in
the evening with a genuine and undeniable appetite, has a legitimate
right to an additional supply of wholesome food before betaking himself
to his couch; because a sufficient interval has elapsed to allow the
stomach to recover itself from the labour of digesting his dinner, and
the continued waste of the system requires to be replaced. In like
manner, the man of fashion who dines at seven o’clock, and frequents
assemblies till three or four in the morning, is well entitled to some
kind of supper about one or two o’clock, and could scarcely get through
his laborious duties without farther sustenance from either food or
wine, or both. Even in his case, six hours may thus intervene betwixt
dinner and supper; and we know that, on an average, the digestion of a
moderate meal is finished in four or five hours. The chief difference
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