The physiology of digestion considered with relation to the principles of dieteticsCombe, Andrew
Science
The physiology of digestion considered with relation to the principles of dietetics
Combe, Andrew
Diet; Digestion
between him and the farmer is, that the farmer reaps health and sound
digestion from adhering in his hours to the institutions of the
Creator, and that the man of fashion impairs his constitution and
enfeebles his digestion--less by the improper intervals at which he
eats, than by his wide departure from the order of Nature in the hours
which he observes.
If, in adopting the precepts of ultra-temperance, we dine early,
live actively, and go to bed with the stomach entirely empty, we
_may_ sleep, but our dreams will scarcely be more pleasant,
or our sleep more tranquil, than if the stomach were overloaded. A
gnawing sense of vacuity is felt in such circumstances, which is apt to
induce restlessness, and nervous impatience and irritability. I have
repeatedly seen these unpleasant symptoms dispelled, and sound sleep
obtained, by no other prescription than a cupful of arrow-root an hour
or two before bedtime.
Except in early life, and in the case of those who lead a very
laborious existence and observe very early hours, supper as a fourth
meal is altogether superfluous, at least where any thing is eaten at
tea. In youth, waste, growth, and nutrition are so active, that a
moderate supper is often indispensable, especially when the muscular
system is freely exercised in the open air. But it ought to be of a
light nature, and taken at least an hour or two before going to bed. If
dinner be taken early, and tea be used in the afternoon, not as a meal
but merely as a diluent, a light supper will be very proper.
In short, the grand rule in fixing the number and periods of our meals,
is, _to proportion them to the real wants of the system, as modified
by age, sex, health, and manner of life, and as indicated by the true
returns of appetite_; and, as an approximative guide, to bear in
mind that, under ordinary circumstances of activity and health, three,
four, or five hours are required for the digestion of a full meal, and
one or two hours more of repose before the stomach can again become fit
for the resumption of its labours. If the meal be temperate and the
mode of life natural, digestion will be completed in from three to four
hours, and one hour of rest will serve to restore its tone; but if the
quantity of food be great, or the general habit be those of indolence,
digestion may be protracted to five or six hours, and two or more be
required for subsequent repose. It is therefore utterly absurd and
inconsistent with the laws of Nature to pretend, as many writers have
done, to lay down rules which shall apply to every individual and to
every variety of circumstances. As already mentioned, rules applicable
to _classes_ may be prescribed, because there is a considerable
similarity in the circumstances of all the individuals comprehended
in each; but even there numerous exceptions must occur, which can be
judged only by the standard of the individual constitution.
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