A bride with an embroidered muslin gown for the wedding was considered
fortunate, indeed. Usually the women of the day wore clothing made of
“linsey.” This was made of linen and wool, often in plaids and stripes.
The men wore buckskin breeches, coonskin caps, and crude leather shoes,
boots, or moccasins. In summer they sometimes went barefoot, except when
they went into the forests. Men, women, boys and girls often wore a
loose outer jacket called a “wamus.”
Much of the cloth for clothing was made from flax or wool grown by the
settlers. Most of the housewives had spinning wheels, but only a few had
looms, for they were expensive and skill was required to operate them.
The weaving would be done for a fee by those who owned looms. Walnut
hulls were crushed and used for dye. Buttons were often made of thread,
and needles and pins were scarce and expensive.
The first store in Washington Township was established by Aaron Nutt,
Sr., in what is now Centerville. He took a flatboat load of produce to
Baltimore, sold it, and invested the money in a horse, a cart, and a
load of drygoods, which he brought overland to Ohio.
Cash was scarce and much of the trading was on a barter basis. To buy
items such as tea, coffee, leather, lead, powder, and iron, required
either money or certain items which were considered of cash value—linen
cloth, feathers, beeswax, and deerskins.
Here are some examples of prices charged in 1815: linsey $1 per yard;
cambric $2.25 per yard; darning needles 6¼c each; lead pencils 31c;
nutmegs 18c each; pewter dish $2.25; tea $2.50 per pound; 8-penny nails
21c per pound; calico 87½c per yard; salt $13 per 100 pounds; flour
$1.50 per barrel; wheat 25c per bushel; oats 10c per bushel.
Because of the high prices of coffee and tea, many housewives served
“flour chocolate,” a beverage made from corn, wheat and rye, or tea made
from spices, sassafras or sage. The housewife had to pulverize her own
spices, powder the salt, roast and grind the coffee, and make her own
yeast and soap.
Although some of the non-essentials were high in price, no one lacked
for food. Nearly every household had at least one cow, some chickens,
and some pigs. In 1810, records show that beef could be bought for 3c a
pound and pork for 3½c. Chickens were worth 75c a dozen and potatoes 25c
a bushel.
Wild turkeys, pheasants, rabbits, squirrels, ducks, geese, and deer
abounded in the forests. There was plenty of corn for hoe cakes, hominy
and mush; beans; blackberries; grapes; nuts; honey; and maple sap for
sugar.
[Illustration: Pioneer home and yard]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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