With regard to the illustrations, I am glad to bear grateful testimony to the facilities afforded me by the Directors of the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Hague Gallery, the National Museum at Copenhagen, the Egypt Exploration Fund, and by the Secretary of State for India. H.E. Monsieur Camille Barrère, French Ambassador at Rome, has allowed me to include a photograph of his remarkably fine specimen of a bronze cat; and I have obtained the sanction of Monsieur Marcel Dieulafoy for the reproduction of one of Madame Dieulafoy’s photographs which appeared in his magnificent work on “L’Art Antique de la Perse.” Messrs. Macmillan & Co., Limited, and Messrs. Chapman and Hall, Limited, have permitted photographs to be taken of two plates in books published by them. Finally, Dr. C. Waldstein and Mr. E. B. Havell have been most kind in helping me to give the correct description of some of the plates. SALÒ, LAGO DI GARDA. _February 15, 1909._ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS I PAGE SOUL-WANDERING AS IT CONCERNS ANIMALS 11 II THE GREEK CONCEPTION OF ANIMALS 22 III ANIMALS AT ROME 44 IV PLUTARCH THE HUMANE 62 V MAN AND HIS BROTHER 84 VI THE FAITH OF IRAN 113 VII ZOROASTRIAN ZOOLOGY 141 VIII A RELIGION OF RUTH 166 IX LINES FROM THE ADI GRANTH 201 X THE HEBREW CONCEPTION OF ANIMALS 205 XI “A PEOPLE LIKE UNTO YOU” 221 XII THE FRIEND OF THE CREATURE 245 XIII VERSIPELLES 265 XIV THE HORSE AS HERO 281 XV ANIMALS IN EASTERN FICTION 306 XVI THE GROWTH OF MODERN IDEAS ABOUT ANIMALS 336 INDEX 367 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILLUSTRATIONS