The place of magic in the intellectual history of EuropeThorndike, Lynn
History
The place of magic in the intellectual history of Europe
Thorndike, Lynn
Magic -- Europe -- History
Seneca did believe, however, that whatever is caused is a sign of some
future event.[173] He accepts divination in all its ramifications. Only
he holds that each flight of a bird is not caused by direct act of God
nor the vitals of the victim altered under the axe by divine
interference, but that all has been arranged beforehand in a fatal and
causal series.[174] He believes that all unusual celestial phenomena are
to be looked upon as prodigies and portents.[175] But no less truly do
the planets in their unvarying courses signify the future. The stars are
of divine nature and we ought to approach the discussion of them with as
reverent an air as when with lowered countenance we enter the temples
for worship.[176] Not only do the stars influence our upper atmosphere
as earth’s exhalations affect the lower, but they announce what is to
occur.[177] Seneca employs the statement of Aristotle that comets
signify the coming of storms and winds and foul weather, to prove that
comets are stars; and declares that a comet is a portent of a storm in
the same way as the Chaldeans say that a star brings good or ill fate to
men at birth.[178] In fact, his chief, if not sole, objection to the
Chaldeans would seem to be that in their predictions they take into
account only five stars.
What? Think you so many thousand stars shine on in vain? What else,
indeed, is it which causes those skilled in nativities to err than
that they assign us to a few stars, although all those that are above
us have a share in the control of our fate? Perhaps those nearer
direct their influence upon us more closely; perhaps those of more
rapid motion look down on us and other animals from more varied
aspects. But even those stars that are motionless, or because of their
speed keep equal pace with the rest of the universe and seem not to
move, are not without rule and dominion over us.[179]
Seneca accepts a theory of Berosus, whose acquaintance we have already
made, that whenever all the stars are in conjunction in the sign of
Cancer there will be a universal conflagration, and a second deluge when
they all unite in Capricorn.[180]
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