The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other EssaysVeblen, Thorstein
Philosophy
The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other Essays
Veblen, Thorstein
Economics; Science
This may seem like taking Mr. Clark to task for an inconsequential gap
in his general information on Digger Indians, Eskimos, and palaeolithic
society at large. But the point raised is not of negligible consequence
for economic theory, particularly not for any theory of "economic
dynamics" that turns in great part about questions of capital and its
uses at different stages of economic development. In the primitive
culture the quantity and the value of mechanical appliances is
relatively slight; and whether the group is actually possessed of more
or less of such appliances at a given time is not a question of
first-rate importance. The loss of these objects--tangible assets--would
entail a transient inconvenience. But the accumulated, habitual
knowledge of the ways and means involved in the production and use of
these appliances is the outcome of long experience and experimentation;
and, given this body of commonplace technological information, the
acquisition and employment of the suitable apparatus is easily arranged.
The great body of commonplace knowledge made use of in industry is the
product and heritage of the group. In its essentials it is known by
common notoriety, and the "capital goods" needed for putting this
commonplace technological knowledge to use are a slight
matter,--practically within the reach of every one. Under these
circumstances the ownership of "capital-goods" has no great
significance, and, as a practical fact, interest and wages are unknown,
and the "earning power of capital" is not seen to be "governed by a
specific power of productivity which resides in capital-goods." But the
situation changes, presently, by what is called an advance "in the
industrial arts." The "capital" required to put the commonplace
knowledge to effect grows larger, and so its acquisition becomes an
increasingly difficult matter. Through "difficulty of attainment" in
adequate quantities, the apparatus and its ownership become a matter of
consequence; increasingly so, until presently the equipment required for
an effective pursuit of industry comes to be greater than the common man
can hope to acquire in a lifetime. The commonplace knowledge of ways and
means, the accumulated experience of mankind, is still transmitted in
and by the body of the community at large; but, for practical purposes,
the advanced "state of the industrial arts" has enabled the owners of
goods to corner the wisdom of the ancients and the accumulated
experience of the race. Hence "capital," as it stands at that phase of
the institution's growth contemplated by Mr. Clark.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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