The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other EssaysVeblen, Thorstein
Philosophy
The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other Essays
Veblen, Thorstein
Economics; Science
This continuity, congruity, or coherence of the group, is of an
immaterial character. It is a matter of knowledge, usage, habits of life
and habits of thought, not a matter of mechanical continuity or contact,
or even of consanguinity. Wherever a human community is met with, as,
_e.g._, among any of the peoples of the lower cultures, it is found in
possession of something in the way of a body of technological
knowledge,--knowledge serviceable and requisite to the quest of a
livelihood, comprising at least such elementary acquirements as
language, the use of fire, of a cutting edge, of a pointed stick, of
some tool for piercing, of some form of cord, thong, or fiber, together
with some skill in the making of knots and lashings. Cooerdinate with
this knowledge of ways and means, there is also uniformly present some
matter-of-fact knowledge of the physical behavior of the materials with
which men have to deal in the quest of a livelihood, beyond what any one
individual has learned or can learn by his own experience alone. This
information and proficiency in the ways and means of life vests in the
group at large; and, apart from accretions borrowed from other groups,
it is the product of the given group, though not produced by any single
generation. It may be called the immaterial equipment, or, by a license
of speech, the intangible assets[2] of the community; and, in the early
days at least, this is far and away the most important and
consequential category of the community's assets or equipment. Without
access to such a common stock of immaterial equipment no individual and
no fraction of the community can make a living, much less make an
advance. Such a stock of knowledge and practice is perhaps held loosely
and informally; but it is held as a common stock, pervasively, by the
group as a body, in its corporate capacity, as one might say; and it is
transmitted and augmented in and by the group, however loose and
haphazard the transmission may be conceived to be, not by individuals
and in single lines of inheritance.
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