The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other EssaysVeblen, Thorstein
Philosophy
The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other Essays
Veblen, Thorstein
Economics; Science
But there is no intention here to depreciate the work of the pecuniary
magnates or the spokesmen of the great "interests." The matter has been
referred to only as it bears on this category of capitalistic income
which accrues on other grounds than the "earning-capacity" of the assets
involved, and which still cannot be imputed to the "earning-capacity" of
these business men apart from these assets. The case is evidently not
one of "wages of superintendence" or "undertaker's profits"; but it is
as evidently not a case of the earning-capacity of the assets. The proof
of the latter point is quite as easy as of the former. If the gains of
the "system" or of its constituent "interests" and magnates were
imputable to the earning-capacity of the assets involved,--in any
accepted sense of "earnings,"--then it would immediately follow that
these assets would be recapitalised on the basis of these extraordinary
earnings, and that the income derived in this class of traffic should
reappear as interest or dividends on the capital so increased to
correspond with the increased earnings. But such recapitalisation takes
place only to a relatively very limited extent, and the question then
bears on the income which is not so accounted for in the
recapitalisation.
The gains of this class of traffic are, of course, themselves
capitalised,--for the most part they accrue in the capitalised form, as
issues of securities and the like; but the sources of this income are
not capitalised as such. The (large) accumulated wealth, or assets,
which gives weight to the movements of the "interests" and magnates in
question, and which affords the ground for the discretionary control of
business affairs exercised by them, are, for the most part at least,
invested in ordinary business ventures, in the form of corporation
securities and the like, and are there earning dividends or interest at
current rates; and these assets are valued in the market (and thereby
capitalised) on the basis of their current earnings in the various
enterprises in which they are so invested. But their being so invested
in profitable business enterprises does not in the least hinder their
usefulness in the hands of the magnates as a basis or means of carrying
on the large and highly profitable transactions of the higher industrial
finance. To impute these gains to these assets as "earnings," therefore,
would be to count the assets twice as capital, or rather to count them
over and over.
An additional perplexity in endeavoring to handle gains of this class
theoretically as earnings, in the ordinary sense, arises from the fact
that they stand in no definable time relation to their underlying
assets. They have no definable "time-shape," as Mr. Fisher might put
it.[12] Such gains are timeless, in the sense that the time relation
does not count in any substantial manner or in any sensible degree in
their determination.[13]
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