The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other EssaysVeblen, Thorstein
Philosophy
The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other Essays
Veblen, Thorstein
Economics; Science
But along with this feature of archaic methods of thought or of
knowledge, the picturesqueness of which has drawn the attention of all
observers, there goes a second feature, no less important for the
purpose in hand, though less obtrusive. The latter is of less interest
to the men who have to do with the theory of cultural development,
because it is a matter of course. This second feature of archaic thought
is the habit of also apprehending facts in non-animistic, or impersonal,
terms. The imputation of propensity in no case extends to all the
mechanical facts in the case. There is always a substratum of matter of
fact, which is the outcome of an habitual imputation of causal sequence,
or, perhaps better, an imputation of mechanical continuity, if a new
term be permitted. The agent, thing, fact, event, or phenomenon, to
which propensity, will-power, or purpose, is imputed, is always
apprehended to act in an environment which is accepted as spiritually
inert. There are always opaque facts as well as self-directing agents.
Any agent acts through means which lend themselves to his use on other
grounds than that of spiritual compulsion, although spiritual compulsion
may be a large feature in any given case.
The same features of human thinking, the same two complementary methods
of correlating facts and handling them for the purposes of knowledge,
are similarly in constant evidence in the daily life of men in our own
community. The question is, in great part, which of the two bears the
greater part in shaping human knowledge at any given time and within any
given range of knowledge or of facts.
Other features of the growth of knowledge, which are remoter from the
point under inquiry, may be of no less consequence to a comprehensive
theory of the development of culture and of thought; but it is of course
out of the question here to go farther afield. The present inquiry will
have enough to do with these two. No other features are correlative with
these, and these merit discussion on account of their intimate bearing
on the point of view of economics. The point of interest with respect to
these two correlative and complementary habits of thought is the
question of how they have fared under the changing exigencies of human
culture; in what manner they come, under given cultural circumstances,
to share the field of knowledge between them; what is the relative part
of each in the composite point of view in which the two habits of
thought express themselves at any given cultural stage.
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