[173] The usual derivation of the word _lupanar_ (brothel) is from Lupa, the wife of Faustulus (_Livy_, I. 4.); thus _Lactantius_, Divin. Instit., bk. I. 20 sqq., says, fuit enim Faustuli uxor et, propter vulgati corporis vilitatem, Lupa inter pastores, id est meretrix, nuncupata est, unde etiam lupanar dicitur. (For she was the wife of Faustulus, and because of the easy rate at which her person was held at the disposal of all, was called among the shepherds Lupa, (she-wolf), that is harlot, whence also Lupanar—a brothel—is so called). Comp. _Isidore_, bk. XVIII. etymol. 42. _Jerome_, in Eusebius’ Chronicle. However it is a fruitless effort to try and connect lupar and lupanar with lupus, the wolf. If we are not mistaken, the root-word is the Greek λῦμα, filth, and so, shameless person; from this comes _lupa_, just as from λῦμαρ was formed _lupar_, the oldest form for lupanar, which has maintained itself in the adjective _luparius_, and in _lupariae_ in _Rufus_ and _A. Victor_ as synonyms of lupanar. Indeed _Lactantius_ speaks of the hetaerae Leaena and Cedrenus as γυναῖκας λυκαίνας. [174] The common derivation of _fornix_ (brothel) is from _furnus_ or fornax (an oven), or else makes it identical with fornix, an archway. _Isidore_, bk. X. 110., writes: a _fornicatrix_ is one whose person is public and common. These women used to lie under archways, and such places are called _fornices_, whence also _fornicariae_ (whores). Granted that the women used to resort in numbers to the arches in the town-walls through which sorties were made (_Livy_, XXXVI. 23., XLIV. 11.), yet several passages in ancient authors prove clearly that the _fornices_ were _houses_ (especially _Petronius_, Satir. 7., _Martial_ XI. 62.). The _ancient Glosses_ have:—“fornicaria”: πορνὴ ἀπὸ καμάρας ᾗ ἵστανται, (a harlot, from the chamber where they take their stand). But in all probability the brothels took their name from the circumstance of their being situated in the neighbourhood of the town-wall and its arches; for which reason the women were also called _Summoenianae_ (women of the Summoenium,—district under the walls). Martial, XI. 62., III. 82., I. 35., XII. 32. Or should we say that _fornix_ was formed from πορνικὸν? [175] _Adler_, “Beschreibung der Stadt Rom,” (Description of the City of Rome), pp. 144 sqq. [176] _Martial_, bk. VII. Epigr. 30., bk. X. Epigr. 94. [177] _Martial_, bk. II. Epigr. 17. [178] Hence Martial’s expression (XII. 18.), clamosa Subura (the clamorous Subura). [179] Horace, Satir. I. 2. 30., Contra alius nullam nisi olenti in fornice stantem. (On the other hand another man cares for no woman but such as stand in the foul-smelling brothel).—_Priapeia_, Quilibet huc, licebit, intret Nigra fornicis oblitus favilla.