Superficial ulcers _of an aphthae-like character_ were treated as early as in _Hippocrates’_ time and indeed by him[366] with a decoction of myrtle-berries boiled in wine. As a remedy against _moist_ ulcers a certain mixture of Crito’s, compounded of frankincense and myrrh boiled in sweet wine, had a great reputation;[367] but above all the powder of _charta usta_ (papyrus ash), anise and _cucurbita_ (gourd)[368] was employed, after the ulcer had been washed with urine; further the _cortex pinus_ (cork-tree), _lapis haematites_ (bloodstone, haematite iron-ore),[369] to which frankincense was added in the case of more deep-seated ulcers,[370] also _cadmium ustum_ (burnt calamine) (Paulus Aegineta); likewise washing with urine proved beneficial.[371] In _spreading or eating_ ulcers (νομῶδες ἕλκος) a poultice was applied of lentils, pomegranates and oxymel[372] reduced to a pulp; but a still more usual remedy was to sprinkle verdigris over the sore,[373] and especially verdigris in conjunction with a salve made of _charta usta_ (papyrus ash), sulphur, lead-slag, honey and _ceratum rosaceum_ (wax-salve of roses); another remedy highly thought of was the _pastillus corax_ (corax cake), the ingredients of which were verdigris, chalk, gallnut, frankincense, turpentine, wax, oil of myrtles and beef-tallow; this was particularly beneficial in combating the carbunculous form of the disease. Very often however recourse to the cauterizing iron and the knife was unavoidable, especially if gangrene supervened, or if the callosity of the edges of the ulcer made cicatrisation impossible. Such were the general methods of treatment employed for ulcers of the genital organs, but these naturally varied according to the various distinctions between the several sorts conditional on the situation of the sore. Thus it becomes our next business to indicate on what parts of the body ulcers were observed:— A. ULCERS ON THE MALE GENITAL ORGANS. It is invariably the case that forms of ulceration affecting the male genitals are the most familiar and best known, and this was equally true in Antiquity. Whatever information the Ancient physicians deemed it necessary to record on the subject is found as early as _Celsus_ laid down with something approaching to completeness in his writings (VI. 18.). a. _Ulcers of the Prepuce._