With regard to _cutaneous affections_, we have seen how the forms of _lichen_ and _mentagra_ passed over into _psora_ and _lepra_ (§§ 23, 25), and how the conclusion to be drawn from this is plain, viz. that the secondary cutaneous forms of Venereal disease were formerly assigned as belonging to leprosy. This seems to be confirmed by a passage of _Johannes Moschus_[436] that has only just been brought under our notice, in which it is related how a monk of the Monastery of Penthula could no longer master the appeals of the flesh, travelled to Jericho to get relief from the “superfluity of his naughtiness” in a brothel in that place; how when he had entered the house, he was suddenly attacked by leprosy, whereupon he speedily returned to his Monastery. How much Venereal disease has in common with elephantiasis must be determined by later investigations. At any rate it is worth while to note its frequent occurrence in Egypt, its establishment in Italy along with the various forms of _lichen_, its infectiousness, as well as the statement of Celsus (III. 25.), who calls it an _ignotus paene in Italia morbus_ (a disease almost unknown in Italy), and that even the bones would appear to be affected by it. Lastly, inasmuch as the tendency of the morbid process to strike outwards to the skin was conditioned by the influence of climate, while cutaneous forms of Venereal disease were amongst the most common of occurrences, it follows that not only were affections of the mucous membranes bound to fall proportionally into the background and appear with less frequency, but those of the bones as well. Still the mucous membranes _were_ sometimes attacked, and _affections of the bones_ did also undoubtedly occur, though with incomparably greater rarity,—such affections being, as is well known, at the present day of rare occurrence, and especially so in hot climates. Corrosion of the tibia is mentioned by Plutarch, and peculiar pains of the periosteum, which are so deep-seated and stable as to make the patient believe the bones themselves to be the seat of the mischief, are spoken of as early as by _Archigenes_ cited by _Galen_,[437] the latter adding that these pains were commonly known as οστοκοποι (racking the bones). If further we ought to count in this connection those forms of _exostosis_ (morbid excrescence) _of the bones of the skull_ described above in § 26, which it seems were so prevalent among the inhabitants of Cyprus as to have gained for the island according to some authorities its name of Κεραστία (horned),[438] we should actually have to hand proofs of the existence in Antiquity of _all_ the symptoms that at the present day constitute Venereal disease. All we need to do is to unite these into one general picture and give the name that is now sanctioned by custom, in order to arrive at the final result,—that _Venereal Disease_, though not recognized and described as such by the Ancient Physicians, _was as a matter of fact existent in Antiquity_.