[89] _Galen_, (De comp. med. secundum locos bk. V., edit. Kühn Vol. XII. p. 830.) quotes from Criton the following description in further confirmation: Πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν γενείων λειχῆνας πάθος ἀηδέστατον, καὶ γὰρ κνησμοὺς ἐπιφέρει καὶ περίστασιν τῶν πεπονθότων καὶ κίνδυνον οὐκ ὀλίγον, ἕρπει γὰρ ἔστιν ὅτε καθ’ ὅλου τοῦ προσώπου, καὶ ὀφθαλμῶν _ἅπτεται_, καὶ σχεδὸν τῆς _ἀνωτάτω δυσμορφίας_ ἐστὶν αἴτιον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο χρηστέον ἂν εἴη ἐπιμελέστερον τῇ θεραπείᾳ, ἐφορῶντα τοὺς _παροξυσμοὺς_ καὶ _τὰ διαλείμματα_ καὶ _συγκρίνοντα ἀπὸ τῶν κεχρονισμένων τὰ νεοσύστατα_, ἐφ’ ὧν ἁρμόσει χρῆσθαι τοῖς ξηραίνουσι φαρμάκοις· _ὅταν δ’ εἰς ψώραν ἢ λέπραν μεταπέσῃ_ πρὸς τοῖς ξηραίνουσι χρῆσθαι καὶ τοῖς ῥύπουσιν. (But in the case of _lichenes_, scabs, on the chin the malady is most troublesome. Now it brings on itchings and a critical condition of the afflicted and no small danger; for it creeps sometimes over the whole face, and _attacks the eyes_, and generally is productive of the _most utter disfigurement_. Wherefore physicians should devote more than ordinary care to its treatment, watching _the crises of the malady, and the intervals, and judging from the symptoms that have become chronic such as have but just broken out_, on the appearance of which it will be expedient to exhibit siccative medicines. On the other hand when _it has resolved itself into the itch or leprosy_, exhibit cathartics in combination with the siccatives). The same is contributed also by _Aëtius_, Tetrab. II. serm. 4. ch. 16. Besides the discrepant statement to the effect that the eyes are attacked as well, the most noteworthy points are the crises and intervals Mentagra went through, and its passing over into Psora and Lepra (Itch and Leprosy). [90] _Galen_ and _Aëtius_, loco citato, give particulars of the composition of a number of these. [91] _Gruner_, Morborum antiquitates pp. 162-171. [92] _J. C. Dieterich_, Iatreum Hippocraticum, continens Narthecium medicinae veteris et novae (Hippocratic Remedies, containing a Treasury of Ancient and Modern Medicine), Ulm 1661. 4to., p. 692. [93] Hence also _Diogenes Laertius_, VI. 2. 6., ἅλα λείχειν (to lick up salt). [94] The explanation of _Galen_, De simpl. medicam. temperam. et facult. bk. VII. ch. 11. 6. (edit. Kühn, XII. p. 57.): λειχὴν ὠνομάσθαι δ’ οὕτω δοκεῖ διὰ τὸ λειχῆνας θεραπεύειν (and it seems lichen,—moss, is so called because it cures lichenes,—scabs), is hardly likely to find any one else to subscribe to it. [95] _Aristophanes_, Knights 1280-1283. In the Wasps, 1280-1283, _Aristophanes_ says, speaking of the same Ariphrades: Εἶτ’ Ἀριφράδην πολύ τι θυμοσοφικώτατον, ὃν τινά ποτ’ ὤμοσε μαθόντα παρὰ μηδενὸς, ἀλλ’ ἀπὸ σοφῆς φύσεος αὐτόματον ἐκμαθεῖν γλωττοποιεῖν εἰς τὰ πορνεῖ’ εἰσιόνθ’ ἑκάστοτε (Then Ariphrades, much more ingenious-clever, who he swore without ever having learnt the trick from any, but all out of his own wisdom, discovered how to work the tongue, going into the brothels everywhere).