man cannot explain for very shame, great Athené!—But in Palestine as φραγμὸς (the hedge)[6], on account of the prickles of your beard, I suppose. In Egypt again as συνάγχη (sore throat),—and this is a well known business. It must have been a close thing with you not to be choked, that time you came across the sailor of a three-master, who fell upon you and stopped your mouth for you (ὃς ἐμπεσὼν ἀπέφραξέ σοι τὸ στόμα).” This passage brings us next to a gloss of the _Pseudo-Galen_[7], on which _Naumann_[8], after laying down his view as to the _Morbus phoeniceus_ (Purple Plague),—a subject to be discussed presently,—goes on to express himself thus: “However we must go yet farther. In the above cited work of the Pseudo-Galen is included an Index of words, _which with a high degree of probability we may conclude to refer to Venereal diseases, so far as known to the Ancients_ (loco citato, under word στρυμάργου, p. 142). We read there that _Dioscorides_ called στρυμάργους or στομάργους (evil-mouthed) men in whom the longing for sensual indulgence had risen to frenzy. Of similar meaning to this would seem to be the expressions μυοχάνη (_maxillarum hiatu insignis_—conspicuous for the wide opening of the arm-pits) or μυσάχνη (_meretrix_—prostitute), μῦσος (_facinus abominandum_—an abominable act), σαράπους (crura ambulando divaricans—straddling the legs in walking), and γρυπαλώπηξ (from γρύπος _curvus_—curved, hooked,) probably denoting the erection of the _penis_; at any rate a dissolute man is called in Aristophanes κυναλώπηξ (fox-dog). But most notable is the added observation, to the effect that Erasistratus called such persons ῥινοκολοῦροι (_i. e._ _qui mutilati naribus sunt_—men who have been mutilated in their noses). Just at the time of the Greek occupation of Egypt, _Rhinocorura_ or _Rhinocolura_ was the name of a wretched sort of “Botany Bay” situated at the North-Eastern extremity of the country, lying in the desert on the shores of the Mediterranean between Gaza and Pelusium, and serving as a place of residence for lepers (_Pliny_, Hist. Nat., Bk. V. ch. 4. _Livy_, Hists. Bk. XXXV. ch. 11). Now if we bring together all the information given here, and especially if we consider the various shameful forms of indulgence of the sexual impulse and the mutilation of the nose that is connected with them, _there cannot be much doubt left that these ancient and fragmentary notices refer to Venereal evil_, whether in conjunction with leprous affections or not.”