3a. Leaves cordate, pinnately veined; plant of wet ground and marshes (4-8 dm. tall) =Plantain, Plantago cordata.= 3b. Leaves with 3 to many longitudinal ribs or veins --4. 4a. Leaves densely pubescent with grayish hairs --5. 4b. Leaves smooth or slightly pubescent --6. 5a. Flower-stalks 3-6 dm. high =Plantain, Plantago media.= 5b. Flower-stalks less than 3 dm. high =Plantain, Plantago virginica.= 6a. Flower-stalks 3-6 dm. high; spikes not over 10 cm. long =English Plantain, Plantago lanceolata.= 6b. Scapes 1-4 dm. high; spikes long and slender, usually equaling or longer than the peduncle; dooryard plantains --7. 7a. Leaves green at the base =Plantain, Plantago major.= 7b. Leaves reddish at the base =Plantain, Plantago rugelii.= RUBIACEAE, the Madder family Herbs or shrubs, with opposite or whorled leaves and regular flowers; sepals 4, or minute or almost wanting; petals 4, united; stamens 4; ovary inferior. 1a. Shrub (1-3 m. tall; flowers white, in spherical heads, summer) =Button Bush, Cephalanthus occidentalis.= 1b. Herbaceous --2. 2a. Leaves opposite --3. 2b. Leaves whorled; flowers white, green, or purple (Bedstraw) --6. 2c. Leaves whorled; flowers yellow =Bedstraw, Galium verum.= 3a. Leaves about as long as wide (trailing; flowers paired, white, in spring) =Partridge Berry, Mitchella repens.= 3b. Leaves at least twice as long as wide --4. 4a. Corolla salver-form, about 1 cm. wide; peduncles 1-flowered (about 1 dm. high; flowers blue or white, in spring) =Bluets, Houstonia coerulea.= 4b. Corolla funnel-form, about 5 mm. wide; flowers in clusters (1-2 dm. high; flowers white or pale-purple, summer) (Houstonia) --5. 5a. Basal leaves strongly ciliate =Houstonia, Houstonia ciliolata.= 5b. Basal leaves smooth =Houstonia, Houstonia longifolia.= 6a. Leaves in whorls of 4-7. 6b. Leaves in whorls of 6-8 --16. 7a. Ovary and fruit hispid with hooked bristles (3-7 dm. high; summer) --8. 7b. Ovary and fruit not bristly (early summer) --11. 8a. Leaves with 1 principal vein (flowers dull purple) =Bedstraw, Galium pilosum.= 8b. Leaves with 3 principal veins --9. 9a. Flowers bright-white =Bedstraw, Galium boreale.= 9b. Flowers greenish, yellowish, or purplish --10. 10a. Leaves acuminate =Bedstraw, Galium lanceolatum.= 10b. Leaves acute or obtuse =Bedstraw, Galium circaezans.= 11a. Corolla-lobes 3 (2-6 dm. high; flowers white or greenish) --12. 11b. Corolla-lobes 4 --13. 12a. Flowers in clusters of 2 or 3 =Bedstraw, Galium claytoni.=