4. The genus Juncus, or Rush, contains about 25 species in Michigan, blooming in summer or autumn. For their identification the Manuals should be consulted. One of the commonest species is Juncus effusus, growing in marshes, with erect leafless cylindrical stems, bearing a lateral cluster of flowers near the summit. Another common species is Juncus tenuis, with slender stems and linear leaves, growing in hard ground, especially in woodland paths. LILIACEAE, the Lily Family Herbs or twining shrubs, with generally conspicuous flowers; sepals and petals each 3, and usually colored alike, stamens 6, ovary 3-celled, superior. In one species the perianth is 4-parted and the stamens are 4. 1a. Flowers or flower-clusters lateral, axillary or apparently so --2. 1b. Flowers or flower-clusters scapose or terminal --12. 2a. Leaves minute and scale-like (7-15 dm. high; flowers greenish-yellow, June) =Asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.= 2b. Leaves broad and flat, not scale-like --3. 3a. Flowers numerous in rounded umbels; perianth-segments nearly separate; leaves long-petioled --4. 3b. Flowers in clusters of 1-8; leaves short-petioled, sessile, or clasping --8. 4a. Stems herbaceous (flowers greenish-yellow, ill-scented) (Carrion-flower) --5. 4b. Stems woody, thorny, climbing (flowers greenish-yellow, early summer) (Green Brier) --7. 5a. Stems climbing by tendrils --6. 5b. Stem not climbing; only the upper leaves, or none, with tendrils =Carrion-flower, Smilax ecirrhata.= 6a. Leaves smooth beneath. =Carrion-flower, Smilax herbacea.= 6b. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath when mature =Carrion-flower, Smilax herbacea var. pulverulenta.= 7a. Leaves with 5 principal veins. =Green Brier, Smilax rotundifolia.= 7b. Leaves with 7 principal veins. =Green Brier, Smilax hispida.= 8a. Perianth-segments united into a tube (flowers axillary, late spring) (Solomon's Seal) --9. 8b. Perianth-segments separate (2-8 dm. high; spring) (Twisted-stalk) --10. 9a. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath; filaments rough, inserted at three-fourths the length of the perianth (3-8 dm. high) =Small Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum biflorum.= 9b. Leaves smooth beneath; filaments smooth, inserted at the middle of the perianth tube (5-15 dm. high) =Great Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum commutatum.= 10a. Leaves distinctly clasping the stem; flowers greenish-white =Twisted-stalk, Streptopus amplexifolius.= 10b. Leaves closely sessile; flowers reddish to purple --11. 11a. Rootstock short and thick; berries spherical =Twisted-stalk, Streptopus roseus.=