_In oz. troy_ Year. Estimated output. Official output. 1910 300,000 176,334 1911 280,000 187,008 1912 300,000 177,596 1913 275,000 157,735 1914 240,000 157,182 1915 124,000 119,789 1916 90,000 78,682 1917 50,000 In the official statistics the Ural mining district is divided into five principal areas. The following table shows the annual outputs by districts in recent years: _In oz. troy_ ────────────────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────── District. │ 1910. │ 1911. │ 1912. │ 1913. │ 1914. │ 1915. │1916. ────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────── South Verkhotur │111,070│121,314│118,048│102,552│106,528│ 80,985│52,353 Perm │ 46,068│ 46,885│ 38,709│ 36,878│ 38,050│ 22,996│14,818 North Verkhotur │ 11,862│ 11,362│ 13,166│ 11,376│ 7,426│ 12,288│ 9,968 Tcherdynsk │ 6,359│ 5,016│ 6,162│ 6,109│ 4,753│ 3,518│ 1,542 South │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ekaterinburg │ 972│ 1,040│ 1,382│ 816│ 421│ 2│ ────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────── Total │176,331│185,617│177,467│157,731│157,178│119,789│78,681 ────────────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴────── Exports of crude platinum from Russia for the years 1911–15 were as follows[15] p. 923: ─────────────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬─────── To. │ 1911. │ 1912. │ 1913. │ 1914. │ 1915. ─────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Great Britain│ 1,053│ 2,107│ 1,580│ │ 66,884 France │168,527│169,580│140,615│ 64,778│ 7,900 Germany │ 51,612│ 50,558│ 58,458│ 17,906│ United States│ │ │ │ │ 5,266 ─────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Total │221,192│222,245│200,653│ 82,684│ 80,050 ─────────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴─────── The platinum industry in Russia has always been mainly in the hands of a few large firms of foreign countries. For a long time Johnson, Matthey & Co., Ltd. controlled the greater part of the trade. In 1898 the Société Anonyme de l’Industrie du Platine was established in Paris, and, by purchasing a large number of mines, and leasing others, was able to secure a large share in the control of the industry.