Children are fond of displaying their mental acquirements even before
they are old enough to go to school, but it is there, of course, that
the best opportunity is afforded them. Colozza tells us how the Italian
children use their recess time for contests over the multiplication
table.[410] During school hours recitation is easily transformed to
emulation which can be turned to account by the judicious teacher with
better results than are attained by one who tries to draw the line too
rigidly between work and play.
The intellectual rivalries of adults are exceedingly varied. Music
offers unlimited opportunities when people are far enough advanced to
have any sort of society, and even primitive tribes indulge in this
sort of entertainment. Among the Eskimos the contestants compete in
public for the prize for singing, and then fall into actual combat,
thus combining the two forms of rivalry. Grosse quotes from Rink the
following musical dialogue between two East Greenlanders. “Savdlat:
‘The south, the south, oh, the south over there! As I stood on the
headland I saw Pulangitsissok, who had grown fat upon halibut. The
people of this land know not how to speak. Therefore they are ashamed
of their language. They are dumb over there; their speech is not like
ours. In the north we speak in one way, different from those in the
south. Therefore we can not understand their talk.’” To this challenge
Pulangitsissok responds: “‘There was a time, as Savdlat knows, when I
was a good sledger, when I could take a heavy load on my kajak. Four
years ago he found this out. That was the time when Savdlat bound his
kajak to mine for fear he might capsize. Then he could carry a good
load on his kajak, too. As I was tugging along you cried out pitifully,
and were afraid and almost overturned. I had to hold on to my ropes
to keep us up.’”[411] Such sarcastic dialogue often leads to direct
contests, in which the singers try to rout one another by means of
their witty improvisations. A later form is the contest in oratory and
song on an assigned theme, opening with a direct challenge between the
contestants. The poem of Wartburg-Krieg is especially famed, while
Plata’s symposium may be instanced as a fine example of competitive
oratory on a given theme.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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