THE PLEISTOCENE OF NORTH AMERICA AND ITS VERTEBRATED ANIMALS FROM THE STATES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND FROM THE CANADIAN PROVINCES EAST OF LONGITUDE 95°. BY OLIVER P. HAY _Associate of the Carnegie Institution of Washington_ [Illustration] PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON, FEBRUARY, 1923 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON PUBLICATION NO. 322 TECHNICAL PRESS WASHINGTON, D. C. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS PAGE Preface VII–VIII Conclusions regarding the divisions of the Pleistocene 1–15 Limits of the Pleistocene 1 The Blanco Pliocene 1 Divisions of the Pleistocene 2 Elevation of Continent 3 Connections of North America with South America and Asia 3 Sources of vertebrates 4 Richness of Pleistocene life 4 Evolution during the Pleistocene 5 Extinction of species 6 The earliest Pleistocene, the Nebraskan 7 The Aftonian interglacial 10 The Yarmouth interglacial 12 The Illinois glacial 12 The Sangamon interglacial 12 The Peorian interglacial 13 The Wisconsin and the Wabash beds 13 Coastal Plain terraces 13 Conspectus of Geology and Vertebrate Palæontology of the Pleistocene 14–15 Finds of Pleistocene cetaceans in eastern North America 17–20 Ontario 17 Quebec 18 Vermont 19 New Brunswick 19 North Carolina 20 South Carolina 20 Florida 20