2. _Charleston, Charleston County._—The remains of horses, especially teeth, are among the most abundant Pleistocene fossils in the region around Charleston. Most of the specimens have been discovered in dredging for phosphate rock, and usually nothing is recorded about the exact locality where found or about the conditions of burial. A considerable number of well-preserved teeth have, however, been discovered in known localities and under defined conditions. The earliest collection of fossils described from about Charleston was made by Professor F. S. Holmes, of Charleston, and Captain A. H. Bowman, U. S. Army. These fossils were sent to Dr. Joseph Leidy and described by him as early as 1858, but more fully in 1860, in Holmes’s “Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina.” Most of these fossils were obtained on the shores of Ashley River, about 10 miles above Charleston. From this locality were described 5 upper teeth of _Equus complicatus_ (Leidy, op. cit., p. 102, plate XV, figs. 2–5, 7) and 2 lower ones (plate XVI, figs. 19, 21). Of _Equus leidyi_ (=_E. fraternus_ Leidy) the author quoted described from Ashley River 2 lower teeth (op. cit., plate XVI, figs. 20, 22). Leidy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 98) reported that there were in the collection of C. N. Shepard, at Amherst College, teeth of _Equus major_ (=_E. complicatus_) and _E. fraternus_ (=_E. leidyi_) secured in the Ashley River deposit. Leidy, in 1873 (Contrib. Ext. Vert. Fauna West. Terrs., p. 245, plate XXXIII, figs. 14, 15) reported an upper molar and a lower one of _E. complicatus_, found in the “phosphate beds” of Ashley River. From Doctor Swamp, Johns Island, southwest of Charleston, Leidy (op. cit., p. 103, plate XV, fig. 6) described an upper tooth as that of his _Equus fraternus_. This was afterwards made by Cope the type of this species; but Gidley (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XIV, p. 111) determined that this type belongs itself to _E. complicatus_. It was this determination which made it necessary to give a new name, _E. leidyi_, to the teeth of medium size which had gone under the name of _E. fraternus_.